Epistemology and Knowledge Essay

For centuries philosophers get under ones skin questioned whether companionship exists and if we know anything at all. This discipline is known as epistemology. Epistemology, or the theory of knowledge, is a distinguish of philosophy related to the scope and nature of knowing. The subject focuses on examining the nature of knowledge and how it relates to beliefs, justification and truth. It is in reality quite hard to define knowledge. The dictionary defines it as a general awareness or obstinance of information, facts, ideas, truths, or principles, but philosophers on the some other hand define it as a belief which is in agreement with the facts.So what are the facts, and what do we know exactly? Christopher Norris, the author of Epistemology divulge Concepts in Philosophy, states that some(prenominal) we mean now, is only an approximation of reality and that every new observation brings us closer to an understanding. Therefore, knowledge is forever changing/evolving and n on pertaining to ones beliefs. water was once defined vaguely as the affable of stuff that fell as rain, filled up lakes, was liquid under normal ambient conditions, boiled or froze at certain temperatures, etc (Norris 44).Due to evolution, we now knowthat liquid water, is made up of the molecular structure H20. We no longer believe that the liquid once vaguely defined is anything other than water (H20) now we are knowledgeable. Norris believes science must be integrated with the natural world and the complaisant world to truly understand knowledge. When we sift to explain all our knowledge of the world as Descartes does we try to understand how the things we believe in science and in everyday life are connected with and warranted by the bases or grounds on which we come to believe them (Stroud 209). Beliefs are things people have.They arent things that can be picked up along the side of the road. Just because a person believes they can fly doesnt build it true. For many philo sophers, this is important. It implies that what someone thinks, could be wrong. In other words, it implies that what one thinks about the world may not match up with the way the world really is. truth occurs when ideas in the mind agree with impertinent conditions or objects (Soccio 322). Therefore, there is a distinction between belief and truth. rectitude is not in your head. Truth is out there. Truth is factual. The molecular structure H2O is factual therefore it is truth.Knowledge is a kind of interaction. It involves asking questions and inference. One cant merely know because they believe. Although a person can believe that they know something, that isnt legitimate knowledge. Knowledge is a belief which is in agreement with the facts. Works Cited Norris, Christopher. Epistemology Key Concepts in Philosophy. wise York Continuum, 2005. Print. Soccio, Douglas J. Archetypes of Wisdom An Introduction to Philosophy 8th ed. Boston Wadsworth, 2013. Print. Stroud, Barry. The Sign ificance of Philosophical Scepticism. New York Oxford, 1984. Print.

Education Among the Pakistani Women Essay

Introduction instruction is perchance the main source of human intellectual development and a critical factor pertaining to standard of living. Education here refers to all instructions received by a child, whether at home, playground, or school. Continuous summation in population and declining assets in public precept bemuse birth to a serious plight for growth countries. Like most of rest of the developing world, Pakistan is cognize to be a male loom country and ranks as the seventh most populous of the world. The sex ratio is 105.7 men to every c women, with an overall literacy rate of scarce 45% 56.5 percent for males and 32.6 percent for females in 1998 (Jehan, 2000). For centuries women have been battling for equality, yet the union continues to shape the stereotypical view of women and is responsible for the lower place of women. This paper aims to explore the factors obstructing Pakistani women, specifically in rural atomic number 18as where they can non acquire gentility.The consequences they face due to deficiency of academic opportunities are excessively discussed alongside an elaborate analysis pertaining to various sociological concepts introduced in the course. This is an ongoing cultural and policy-making issue, which reflects the corrupt government activity and extreme subjective interpretations of the phantasmal doctrines. The status of Pakistani women reflects the complex interplay of m all factors such as social, cultural, and religious views. In addition, the gender biases, geographical regions, and social classes pose several difficulties for Pakistani women. Lack of education sooner obviously hinders their practicality in the becomeforce along with increased unawareness about wellness and failure to get at legal rights for mistreatment from the male dominating monastic order.The social and cultural perspective of Pakistani society is primarily patriarchal. At a very early stage men and women are divided into two se parate worlds, this becomes a way of life. For women home is specify as universe the justnessfully ideological space whereas, the men tower the world outside the home. This false ideological discrimination amongst inside and outside worlds is supported by the notion of honor and the tradition of purdah (veil, the seclusion of women from the sight of men or strangers) in Pakistan (Country brief Paper, 2000). The male honor is associated with the womens sexual behaviour, the familys honor hold great emphasis on womens sexuality. Although the women are not prohibited from working, at the same time they are supposed to unwaveringly follow the rules of morality.They may feel a role strain, to be a good daughter or wife or to have the right to do a job they wish to do. Status is defined by your social location, and women in prevalent face everyday prejudice because of their gender. Pakistan, macrocosm a developing country, has a lower overall status in the world. Pakistani women h ave m some(prenominal) statuses one being a Pakistani, this however is an achieved or ascribed social position. Meaning it can be attained both by taking birth in the country, or by befooling to become a citizen. Being Pakistani is not her only social position, when shes born shes a daughter (ascribed status), when she gets married shes a wife (achieved status), and then when she has children shes a m other(a) (achieved status). The status in call of unspoilt occupying a position the 3 various statues that the Pakistani women achieve are daughter, wife, and mother. She is not known for anything other than that.Rarely are they known for working women, or any kind of job positions. The culture looks at them as nothing more, nor are they supposed to have any other status. Status in terms of prestige or honour for centuries women have been fighting for equality, equal rights, honour, and respect despite all of that, it is until now an ongoing struggle. Pakistani women have an ascr ibed lower status, this means that women dont earn or work towards being a lower status they are given it by birth. Most Pakistani families desire for a son, so he could handle the family business, but on receiving a daughter, they are ashamed. Hence this starts her being worthless in the eyes of her parents. As she grows older, the neighbours start to look at her that way, and so forth. Eventually the society looks at her that way and therefore, it becomes a norm, or part of an ideology.A Pakistani womens life especially in rural areas is a journey of subordination. As a adult female is growing up she mustiness list to her father who decides whether she obtains education and who she would marry. After matrimony her husband and in-laws are the decision makers on her behalf, who chiefly decide how many children she would have and whether she is allowed to work outside the crime syndicate. In a cleaning ladys of age(p) years her sons decide the fate for the rest of her remain ing life. This is the norm in Pakistan the behavioral expectations of women are to listen to the males that dominate their lives. Furthermore the entire society acts as an oppressor imposing stereotypical roles upon them. As such, daughter, wife, mother in all three of these roles, the muliebrity is expected to be sexually pure, that is, not to commit any acts of adultery. In all three, she must protect her familys honor by learning conventional general labor skills, exquisite manners, and modest dressing.Women are part of a loop this loop starts from being a daughter, being a wife, and finally a mother it ends in the mother giving birth to another(prenominal) daughter who must now follow her mothers footsteps and live a life resounding to that of her mother. This social structure reflects the roles of women in a shocking new light, a light that barely, if not at all, reaches the west. The daughters role starts when she is born into the family. Her role in her family is to clean t he house, take care of the choir alongside her mother, serve food, and if shes lucky, go to school in a very unhygienic, little populate school. She is to get married at a very early age and this often results in her not finishing her education. Her father decides whom she should marry this is a process with both cultural and religious significance. According to Islam, it is already written to whom you provide marry. By the father being the person who decides, that gives him the higher(prenominal) authority or higher status as the daughter must be handed over by a wali (the represent caretaker, either her oldest brother or father).The role of the wife in most sense the role of the wife is very similar to that of the daughter she is supposed to keep the honour of the husband by keeping quiet, pursual his lead, and implicitly being a slave. The role of mother this is when the daughter learns to take all the cultural guidelines and the norms and apply it on her children. Thus the c ycle starts all over again. In order for this cycle to break the women bring to view their roles in perceptive of the bigger picture. They need to realize that they have voices and that they can change their faith. though this does not mean going against their religion, but to fight for their rights in a politically corrupted organization system. Acquiring academic and career planning resources is definitely a constructive and logical start to absolving them from this loop. Conversely, the political and cultural infrastructure most definitely tries to thwart these efforts.The implications of these cultural demandments and lack of education for womens frugal activities are catastrophic. The female labour force participation is known to be the second lowest for Pakistan in the world (Jehan, 2000). Their high contribution in agriculture and the informal sector of work tends to go untaped by the statistics. However, in the poorest regions, some opportunities occur for women to work outside areas for domestic services such as sweepers, construction workers, and hired labourers. Women are also restricted to several industries such as textiles, food and beverages and pharmaceuticals. This norm guides the social behavior of Pakistani women, where they cannot acquire high paid jobs and limits women to jobs that are lowest paid and require less mobility.These gender-defined roles vary from the geographical region in which they reside, where some areas are stricter. The main concern is the lack of education among the rural areas limiting their working capabilities. The total number of females with less than primary education is 18% (Ibraz, 1993). The situation is better in urban areas where women have overcome some of the traditional restrictions due to educational facilities. Another factor that restricts Pakistani females from acquiring higher level of education is the traditional rule of marrying them at an early age. The average age of marriage is stated at 17 y ears for females (Ibraz, 1993). After marriage the beliefs of the husband interfere resulting in his social behavior of making his wife take care of the household and his family rather than continuing with however education or working outside the household. Cultural ideas such as protecting the familys honor result in women barely communicating with men outside their family.If any communication is necessary, they adjust their religious headgear to make sure that proper protocol is followed and communicate only with minimal eye contact and enthusiasm. Another cultural idea such as honor killings also encourages males to warn females of the consequences of not following the norms and of course, encourage them even more to carry out an execution if the woman is in fact found guilty. Also, in rural areas, a common cultural idea is that education encourages women to rebel against their respective families. This furthermore advocates the practice of not wasting money sending girls to sch ool. kindly identity women who are brave and resourceful enough to forswear their families are marked as heathen or witchy. Other females in the neighbourhood are forbidden to socialize with them.Therefore, a common tool to dominate women who do rebel is to take away all social identity from them or in worse cases, demeaning their social identity through media propagandas and common word of mouth. This is a very potent proficiency it makes other women (who are in sync with norms ) disrespect and look down on those that actually stood up to the discriminating societal structure. The male dominating ideology, therefore, persists. The health indicators of Pakistani women are among the worst in the world. Pakistan is known to be one of the few countries where the life expectancy of males exceeds the females. One in every 38 women move over due to pregnancy related complications (Annual Report, 2009).The health of the Pakistani women was never considered a priority because woman as a gender are not culturally, traditionally, or religiously given equal status in the society. The health system relies on this gender inequality and is hesitant to adopt policies to help improve womens health. Lack of awareness among the female population allows them to accept the mistreatment from the system. They are more likely to approach different methods of treatments themselves. More than 80% women are delivered at home in the presence of unskilled birth attendants (Annual Report, 2009). Social and domestic control over womens sexuality, their economic dependence on men, and restrictions on their mobility establish the health services provided to males and females.Furthermore, honour killings, cross, and illegal trafficking of women are prevalent across much of the country. Women in Pakistan are seen as a representative of the mens honour to whom they belong they are responsible for guarding their virginity and chastity. If a woman is superficially having an illicit sexual r elationship, she degrades the family honor and looses the right to life (Amnesty International, 1999). In response the man publically reveals his power to safeguard his honour by killing the women that have damaged it, these acts are done openly. stern punishments are reported for bringing food late, for answering back, and even for undertaking forbidden family visits. Extreme measures such as honour killings take place for several matters. Conveying the desire to choose a fellow and marrying a partner of their own choice is an act of disobedience since most marriages are supposed to be arranged by fathers. Divorce is seen as a public rebelliousness and women must be penalize for restoring male honour. Rape among the Pakistani women is seen as a highly shameful event and thus rape victims are also executed.The Government of Pakistan has failed to take any measures against the honour killings (Amnesty International, 1999). The political institution is flawed the law and government that are supposed to protect their people from harms way institutionalized subversion. To give women a lower status and view them as unequal is prejudice. It is institutionalized for a Pakistani woman to follow the authority of the man, since he is superior to. It is a practice to look down upon women in Pakistan as it became a norm. An example of such injustice is a story of rape victim named Shazia Khalid. She was a health check doctor, who got married and was offered a job by a government run facility. Her husband worked outside the country, she was staying at the facility that was secured by the members of the military. She was repeatedly raped overnight and then silenced by the military as they would not allow the police to investigate.To avoid embarrassment of the military, General Musharraf, the president of Pakistan, declared the rapist innocent. They further attacked Shazia by suggesting she was a prostitute. At this point Shazia attempted suicide but thankfully was save d by her childs request. Her story increased medias attention and further humiliated the president of the country, her family was asked to leave the country by the order of the government. They decided to immigrate to Canada but because immediate actions were required they were told to reside in England where they will be further assisted by the government to move to Canada. When landing at England they were dispose by the government and are living on welfare waiting from their admission to Canada (McKenna, 2006). Egocentrism plays a big role in the hearts of Pakistani men. Their pride and honor has a prestige status meaning its worth more whereas a womans life is worthless.They created this norm shared by the society. In deciding not to follow the norm results in negative sanctions. Due to the institutionalized corruption many Pakistani women have taken a toll to fight for their rights. Diverse groups including the Womens satisfy Forum, the Pakistan Women Lawyers Association, the All-Pakistan Womens Association and the Business and Professional Womens Association, are supporting projects throughout the country that taper on empowering women.They have been involved in such activities as instituting legal aid for indigent women, argue the gendered segregation of universities, and publicizing and condemning the growing incidents of violence against women. ( Group, strict)The progressive womens association (PWA) and the all Pakistan womens association (APWA) is comprised of educated individuals an example of their political struggle is the attempt to change the hadood ordinances law in Pakistan regarding rape. They are quite effective as they are setting the milestone for women standing up for their rights in the country. polishIn light of arguments presented in the paper, the low status of Pakistani women can be attributed to lack of education and cultural values. The consequences are very negative inequality in the workforce, poor health, and marriage at youthfulness age with high fertility and childbearing mortality. Pakistani women lagging behind in education are not aware of their legal rights and are forced to focus on obligations of family life. Although this paper is geared in the first place towards the women in rural areas of Pakistan, the cultural and traditional aspect of life imposed on women still persists in middle and higher classes, merely less strict. Hence, there is definitely a big gap between the loose group of women and the strict group of women. Consequently, a solution to the issue can also be portrayed as bridging the gap between these two respective groups. Assistance from the global community will be required to educate different populations to invoke change.Resources APA styleAnnual Report. (2009). Health of women in Pakistan. partnership of Obstetricians & Gynaecologists of Pakistan. Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center (JPMC).Amnesty International. (1999). Pakistan, Honour Killings of Girls and Women.Coun try Briefing Paper, Women in Pakistan. (2000). Situation abridgment of Women in Pakistan An overviewIbraz, Tassawar S. Fatima, Anjum. (1993). Uneducated and Unhealthy The Plight of Women in Pakistan. The Pakistan Development Review. 324 Part II, pp. 905-915Jehan, Qamar. (2000). design of Women in Economic Development of Pakistan.University Of Balochistn.McKenna, Terence. (Feb-Mar 2006). In Dept Pakistan Pakistan, Land, Gold, Women. CBC news. Retrieved from http//www.cbc.ca/news/background/pakistan/mckenna_pakistan.htmlMunir, Shafqat. (2001). Institutionalized Exploitation of Women as Negative Impact of Globalization. Journalists for Democracy and Human Rights (JDHR) Pakistan.

Design for a Deep Space Communications System

The discourse system result comprise of a redundant dual-band transmission channel, namely an S-band system and an X-band system. The S-band system allow be designed specifically for providing tracking, telemetry and control, while the X-band will be used exclusively for telemetry and scientific data. These systems will operate within their condition ranges (S-band transmit 2290-2300 MHz, receive 2110-2120 MHz, X-band transmit 7145-7190 MHz, receive 8400-8450 MHz1) as would be specified by the ____Governing body____.The basic mission requirements and assumptions have changed since the general specifications laid out in Assignment 3, primarily that the satellite must land on, or come in contact with, the comet at some item rather than perform a fly-by. With this in mind, the individual components that will be used on the communication theory system are detailed in the following sectionsAntennasThere will be both an omnidirectional S-band helical antenna2, specifically desig ned for telemetry and reign overs, as well as a 2.2 metre high-gain antenna3, akin to the Rosetta satellite antenna. This antenna has optimal performance within both S- and X-band frequencies and both are manufactured by RUAG blank shell AG, based in Switzerland.TransponderThe system will incorporate two redundant small deep-space transponders (SDSTs) 4, developed by General Dynamics and NASAs Jet Propulsion Laboratory. This device combines a number of communication functions receiver, command detector, telemetry modulator, exciter, beacon generator and control functions all into one package. This transponder has Ka-band capability as well for future missions, which comprises of a second X-to-Ka band multiplier.Envelope Size 7.13L x 6.55W x 4.50H pack 7.0 lbs (3.2 kg)Input Supply PowerReceiver Only 12.5 WReceiver + X-band Exciter 15.8 WAmplifiersTwo 17 W, 8.4 GHz solid-state power amplifiers5, manufactured by General Dynamics will be enforced as small, lighter and less expensiv e alternative to the traveling-wave-tube X-band amplifier. These amplifiers are designed for use as a companion unit to the SDST and can supply telemetry signals that can be connected directly to the SDST to make a complete transmitter/receiver with a single data interface.Maximum dimensions 6.85L x 5.275W x 1.85HMass 3.02 lbs (1.37 kg)Data interface MIL-STD-1553B data interfaceOther componentsOther smaller components include a diplexer, attached to the high-gain amplifier, which will allow the S- and X- band transmitter to use the same antenna, as well as allowing the antenna to be used for transmissions on one band and receive on another band. The system will also require a coupler to assign the amplifiers to the respective antennas as well as a hybrid coupler betwixt the amplifiers and the transponders to allow each transponder to drive either amplifier without requiring active switching.Issues in Deep Space CommunicationsCompared with normal satellite communications, deep-spac e communications present a significant challenge specifically from the distance resulting in low signal-to-noise ratio, propagation delays, corruption as well as environmental factors such as temperature variations and electromagnetic radiation. The satellite will be evanescent behind the Sun for a period of time, it is important to note that communication will be mask for a substantial period of time. One possible solution is to take advantage of NASAs stereo system (Solar TERrestrial Relations Observatory) satellites in orbit around the sun to provide a link between the satellite-comet intercept point and Earth while the satellite is obscured.

Bullying and Social Deviance Essay

The government issue I affirm chosen resonates with me person every last(predicate)y as I have experienced it firsthand. I in whatever case think it is a topic that many stool relate too. I get a stripe of deal have either been bullied, been the bully or witnessed it themselves. I have chosen push around and how it is a social deviance. Bullying crappere be plantd as the use of power and aggression to author distress or control another. Bullying itself manifest in all ages, from pip-squeakren in grade nurture all the way with adult hood. I have seen it and the effects of it, no good comes from boss around. I overly know that while yes it can stem from some sort of dissimilitude it does not unceasingly target a certain race, sexual orientation or gender. Bullying has a huge spectrum those previously listed can be reasons why but so can your social status, culture or plane the brand of clo intimacy you wear.Most of these reasons be bug out of any angiotensin-conv erting enzymes hand, citizenry are usually innate(p) into these circumstances no one chooses to be a person of color nor do they choose their sex activity, foreign to what some believe. I believe personally that bullying is the worst as you are going through school. You are still trying to figure out who you are and that last thing you need is person trying to tell you that. Also, bullying to twenty-four hours is far different because now we have the cyber realm to consider. E actuallything from shop to communicating to populate abroad can be done via the web and social media unfortunately plays a significant office in our lives. Now with that said, you can literally be bullied from the comfort of your own main office which should be a ripe zone. You can be a target for many reasons, body image, sexuality and the list goes on but the question is how do we stop it? How do we prevent children from cyber bullying? What should the penalty of this be, if any?Throughout the cours e we understanded how different theories and perspectives better help us explore and define the different deviances that people demonstrate. One of those theories that goes hand and hand with bullying is the labeling theory and that is for obvious reasons. The labeling theory is a theory in which the rule making and the reactions to the rules that are being broken (Goode, 2011, pg.52). The way this correlates to bullying is basically with every action there is a clear and opposite reaction. Anexample of this would be someone is bullied day in and day out now they want to either hurt themselves to escape the torment or the victim wants revenge. So now we have a reaction to the action which is the bullying. on that pointfore it has a reversal ball effect of another deviant behavior because personal harm to either disjointy is involved. gibe to the article by Douglas Vanderbilt and Marilyn Augustyn there are a plethora of effects from being bullied. Bullying is in fact a major pro blem for children, There are well-defined risk factors for bullying that are individual and social. Beyond the immediate trauma of experiencing bullying, victims are at high risk of the later corporal and emotional disorders (Vanderbilt & Augustyn, 2010). There are multiple rules that are broken when it comes to bullying, basic human rights are violated, and discrimination may even take place among many issues. Bullying leaves significant trauma on people as stated from the article this is twain physical and emotional. The issues that can arise from this are vital and preventing bullying is the key. As stated in the article as well, there are signs of bullying by both the bully and the victim. Recognizing them could be huge in protecting someone and possible getting the bullies themselves help as well.As we transition into the topic of bullying and victimization the College of Family Physicians of Canada published an excellent article to review the epidemiology, identification, an d counselling of bullying and victimization among people in their primary setting. This article presents a review of bullying and associated symptoms, a tool for assessing bullying involvement, and an overview of intervention and management. With an increased awareness and understanding of bullying as a wellness problem, physicians can play an instrumental role in identifying people involved in bullying and providing them with the take hold needed to word healthy relationships (Lamb, Pepler, & Craig, 2009) If we have children that are targeted early on in life this could have long term effects on them so it is crucial they get the help needed to develop healthy relationships. By doing so we allow be setting people up for success which is just fair since they were cheated from it.Although not everyone that is bullied will need help it all varies on the person themselves and the extent of the bullying that took place. By utilizing the labeling theory we can see how such basic rul es are broken, but what is broken is also fixable. The problem needs to be addressed in order to do that. The next theorywill be the functionalist theory. Functionalism adopts a consensus paradigm Harmony is the rule, and a disruption of that harmony calls for steps to reestablish pause and tranquility. (Goode, 2011, pg. 58) We can examine what made the individual become a bully. This could have stemmed from a dysfunctional family life, maybe this person saw their parent be bullied by the other, or a parent (s) bullies the children. There is a good chance that bullies themselves face a disarray of issues at home that cause natural pain and anger, as a result they attack others.Once we have identified this dysfunction and bonk that there is a problem we can then fix it. I believe that nine quantify out of ten someone doesnt wake up and become a bully, they are taught it. the great unwashed are not born hating, it is something that is taught, and this particular habit is probably picked up at home unfortunately. It has a ripple effect, this habit is picked up at home and brought to school or the work place and so on as so forth. (Swearer, Espelage, Vaillancourt, & Hymel, 2010) This article addresses what can be done erstwhile bullying has occurred which is very important. Bullying sometimes is not preventable and it can happen but the important thing is once it does what is done to rectify the issue. Creating a safe work place and learning environment is vital. Also, stating in any clauses or work environment rules that bullying is not and will be tolerated.People should feel safe when they are either at school or work, no one should have to feel ill-fitting because this atrocity is tolerated. This also covers how a person is not born a bully but created. This is a learned behavior, it is taught to prey on the weak and defenseless because they make easy targets. It is all a part of the theory of bullying. Choose someone that you know wont put up a combat this in turn makes you feel better about yourself, superior almost. If this happens in a school the child could be threatened with detention or even suspension. The work place can have a similar type of punishment, suspension without pay is usually enough to stop someone for being a bully. Lastly, the involution theory will help me further explore the issue of bullying. In contrast to functionalism, the conflict theory sees groups with competing and clashing interesting, they see struggles mingled with and among categories, sectors, groups, and classes in the society, with winners and losers resulting from the outcome of these struggles (Goode, 2011 pg. 58).The conflict theory is probably one of the strongestout of the three to better identify this issue. With the cyber realm playing such a pivotal role in our daily routine bullying has become essentially easier to do (Sabella, Patchin, & Hinduja, 2013). A person can literally be bullied from their own home, so where is the safe zone? Cyber bullying is so much easier with all the social media. Unfortunately this is the society we live in with smart phones and computers ruling our social life. The competing and clashing of people attacking one another is simple. The sad part is strangers can jump upon the bullying bandwagon and the next thing this victim knows they have dozens of people attacking them instead of one. Once this happens the victim can behave tremendously. Not only are they being attacked at school or work but at home and it is spreading like wild fire. This has a huge effect on the victims self-confidence and as previously discussed this could have long term harmful effects on them. former research on traditional bullying among adolescents has found a relatively consistent link between victimization and lower self-esteem, while finding an inconsistent relationship between offending and lower self-esteem (Patchin & Hinduja, 2010)This is why it is important to know what bullying is, how to st op it and once someone has been victimized how to get them right(a) help. Throughout this course we learned a number of ways to identify different deviances. We learned out to categorize them and better explore them by using different concepts and theories. By utilizing the labeling, functionalist, and conflict theory I was better equipped to research bullying and connect it as a social deviance. Once that was realised the research articles supported the thesis. Bullying is an awful problem that causes far more harm than good and can lead to many problems down the road. While it is an unfortunate issue it is preventable and not a durable problem. It is important that people feel and are not victimized once they seek help. I know firsthand that bullying can create long term problems but with the right help and assist it can also be stopped. It stops with people taking stand and fighting for the ones that cannot fight for themselves. Again, people are not born hating and being cru el it is taught so if they are taught to hate they can learn how to be kind.ReferencesSabella, R. A., Patchin, J. W., & Hinduja, S. (2013). Cyberbullying myths and realities. Computers in Human Behavior, 29(6), 2703-2711.Vanderbilt, D. (2010). The Effects of Bullying. Pediatrics and Child Health, 315-320. Lamb, J., Pepler, D. J, Craig, W. (2009). Can Fam Physician. Apr 2009 55(4) 356360. Swearer, S. M, Espelage, D. L., Vaillancour, T., Hymel, S. (2010) What Can Be do About School Bullying?. Eduational Researcher, pg 38-47Patchin JW, Hinduja S. Cyberbullying and self-esteem. J Sch Health. 2010 80 614-621Goode, E. (2011). Deviant Behavior (9th ed.). Upper Saddle River, new-sprung(prenominal) Jersey Prentice Hall, Inc.

Aids and it is obstacle to African development Essay

back up and it is obstacle to African development - Essay ExampleAs such, this essay seeks to critically discuss the obstacles caused by the human immunodeficiency virus/AIDS epidemic to African development by analysing the situation in South Africa, Ethiopia and sierra Leone. The paper seeks to outline the direct effects of HIV/AIDS on development in these third countries as well as the measures that have been put by the respective g everyplacenments to deal with the situation. Human Immuno-deficiency computer virus (HIV) is contracted through birth, sex, sharing sharp objects such as a razor blade and over time the virus will spread over the body and weaken its cells. The weakening of cells causes AIDS- Acquired Immune privation Syndrome which leads to illness and eventually death from related diseases such as tuberculosis or pneumonia and umteen others (Greyling, 2). HIV/AIDS is one of the just about difficult catastrophes to deal with during the contemporary period given th at a remedy for this deadly pandemic is not yet available and may not be near in sight for quite some time hence the only option that is available at the consequence is to strengthen the mechanisms to prevent, reduce the spread and minimise the impact of HIV/AIDS (Benjamin & Barry, 28). In the Sub Saharan Africa in particular, death rates have continued to rise because of the HIV/AIDS pandemic make life expectancy to fall from an average of 50 years in 1990 to 46 years in 2002 (ADI, 14). AIDS related deaths were 2.2 million in Africa in 2001 and there were more than 30 million septic people. Both Ethiopia and Sierra Leone also have high HIV infection rates according to the report. In the same vein, South Africa is one of the countries with highest HIV infections in the Sub Sahara region regardless of its strong scotch performance. The productive age group has been severely affected by the pandemic and this consequently affects growth and development. in that respect are high c hances of loss of production and the government in respective countries have to spend a lot of money to procure drugs as well as putting other measures to fight against the pandemic which negatively impacts on development. In order to establish the extent to which the HIV/AIDS pandemic is seen as an obstacle to development especially in the three African countries mentioned above, it is imperative to begin by outlining the solid ground of their economies using the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) index to measure the performance of their economies. According to World swear Development Indicators in 2011, South Africas GDP is $285, 366 billion, $28, 526 Billion and Sierra Leone at $1, 942 Billion. Comparatively, it can be noted that there is a wide gap between the economies of the three countries and this reflects the countrys cleverness to cope with the deadly pandemic in view of its economic development and growth concerns. In most cases, the workforce is the major driver of economi c development in any given country entirely the deadly HIV/AIDS pandemic is posing a serious challenge to the development of many Africa countries. Special attention will be paid to South Africa, Ethiopia and Sierra Leone in the discussion of how this pandemic has adversely affected economic development in African countries. According to You Magazine (4), 39 part of all premature deaths were ascribed to HIV/AIDS and it was reported that

Business Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 5

argumentation Ethics - Essay ExampleThis case study aims to explain the ethically questionable behavior of gross revenue representatives in the pharmaceutical industry. checkup Representatives of the Taiwanese pharmaceutical industry that deals in all kinds of biomedical medicines, and inflict drugs have formed the sample of the study. Sales Representatives working at hospitals, and not pharmacies or clinics, were considered. 24 gross revenue representatives are informed of the questionnaire, and then of the 16 scenarios, only one version was exposed to each respondent. In total, 328 respondents were analyzed (Hsu, Fang and Lee, 159).In this case study, the differences in the ethically questionable behavior are examined using quartet variables Frame Pattern, Commission Structure, Behavior Control Type, and Marketing Norm Perceptions.The Medical Representatives are given a scenario, the background information, and the treatments. They now have to get into the characters shoes, and come to at a decision that if they were in that situation what they would have done. The background information given to them is as follows In the pharmaceutical industry, sales personnel should invite clients to banquets in order to make the sales. The price should not exceed 3500 dollars in Taiwanese currency, but your client has chosen a restaurant that exceeds the bill of 3500 dollars in Taiwanese currency. The treatments are (Hsu, Fang and Lee, 159).1. The sales representatives profits (have already reached/are only at) 50%, and the probability of (receiving/failing to receive) the clients deal, which will achieve the quota, (will increase considerably/is minimal) (Hsu, Fang and Lee. p. 159).2. The base honorarium of the sales representative is (600/400) thousand dollars. If he achieves the annual quota, a bonus of (200/400) thousand dollars will be awarded to him. The ratio of this award to his base salary is (only 33%/ 100%) (Hsu,

Summary for the freedom writers movie Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Summary for the freedom writers icon - Essay ExampleThere are students who are not of ethical or acceptable moralistic conduct and some even belong to gangs.Initially they are not willing to share knowledge or personal things with her. However, with time Erin figures out ways in which she can engage them. She directs them to write mending journals and in this way they start sharing some information and personal experiences with her.As Erin tries harder and harder to have resources provided to read properly (which often results in her needing to pay for them herself through working second and third jobs), she seems to face greater resistance, especially from her colleagues, such as Margaret Campbell, her section head, who lives by regulations and sees such resources as a waste, and Brian Gelford, who will harbor his priviledged position of teaching the senior honors classes at all cost. Erin also finds that her teaching job is placing a hear on her marriage to Scott Casey, a ma n who seems to have lost his own idealistic way in life.