Globalization or inter-nationalization Essay Example for Free

globularization or inter- terra firmaalization EssayWhether we c any it globoseization or inter-nationalization, very few people, organizations or states stand to gatherTo what extent do you agree with this statement?globalization is without doubt it is a buzz word of the clip it is a word that seems to be constantly mentioned in the news on the television or radio. bargonly what does living in a globalized world really baseborn? As a starting engineer this essay impart attempt to interpret its meaning by applying four main theories and using these theories to plow the impact of globalization on individuals, organisations and states. It will go on to explore three antithetical perspectives on global change and how each perspective might vista its effects including identifying possible weaknesses in their arguments. This will enable a decision to be made as to what extent the question whether we call it globalization or inter-nationalization, very few people, organisa tions or states stand to usefulness can be agreed with.Globalization can be characterized by four distinctive features.First it involves a stretching of social, political and economical activities across nation-state boundaries. What is happening on what might be geographically the other side of the world, affects the other and particularised local developments can defy considerable global consequences. Examples of this would be global climate change, environmental issues such(prenominal)(prenominal) as pollution into the atmosphere and oceans, poverty etc. We are all losers in terminuss of global problems such as pollution acid rain, toxic waste etc and it extremely daunting to think that we are totally limitless in our control of them. For example, in April 1986 an accident occurred at the Chernobyl nuclear precedent pose in the USSR. This caused a cloud carrying radioactive particles to hit Britain. Ten years on, as a will of the fall-out, 70,000 sheep in Cumbria remaine d contaminated (Cochrane, A. and Pain, K. (2004), p.18).Second, it is marked by the intensification of flows of trade. Technological developments put one across accelerated over the past 20 years the introduction of mobile phones, the internet, satellite television means that communication across the planet is nearly instantaneous. there are hundreds of satellites floating above the earth, each one carrying a huge amount of information. forcible distance is no longer an issue we are universe brought much closer to news/issues/events from rough the world this could be seen as good or bad although for the ones that concord it, access to much much information has to be a good thing. Losers would undoubtedly be people without internet access and organisations with a less developed communication infrastructure. The way people work is changing working from denture is instantly much much viable and this has to be a good thing for individuals and companies because it provides m ore flexibility all round.Third, it can be linked to increasing interpenetration or the bringing together distant cultures and societies show to face with each other at local level, good examples of this would be Microsoft, Coca Cola, McDonalds and Starbucks. This could be seen as good or bad, many people dont like the fact that these huge companies put smaller in camera owned companies out of business and that everything is becoming so uniformed local places with character are being lost. Global trade on the whole is increasing which may mean more jobs, better transaction prospects for virtually but on the down sound it may also mean many home communities are devastated when local companies are bought out by multinational ones that cut wages and benefits and/or moves output signal overseas. This could lead to the inequality gap widening further which will ultimately cause conflict and potentially from this point of view we are all losers here too.And forth, the development o f a global infrastructure the government agency of nations is territorially bound therefore international organisations such as The United Nationals, The realness Bank, the International pecuniary Fund and the World Trade Organisation all play a part in regulating and governing the global system and are new forms of agency brought about because of globalization. It could be argued that in this borderless economy, nation states have no option but to accommodate global market forces due to their power, limiting their options.Furthermore, a growth in international trade (often due to lower trade barriers) will encourage more competition. This could be seen as having winners and losers but reducing trade barriers in particular may reduce the subprogram of governments which, in turn, could encourage corruption. There is no doubt that many developing countries have increased their percent of world trade as a publication of globalization although this may be at the evil of the poore r countries.There are three positions which all have a different perspective on the term globalization these are the globalist, inter-nationalist and transformationalist and all three have strengths and weaknesses to their arguments.Globalists on the whole see Globalisation as approximatelything that is real and is happening that changes are happening socially and economically and that it is an inevitable, irreversible development that should not be resisted. But globalists themselves fall into two categories optimistic/positive globalists and pessimistic globalists.Optimistic/positive Globalists view it as a process that is beneficial. They would probably disagree with the statement that very few people, organizations or states stand to benefit because they welcome the changes that it brings such as improvement on the quality of life, raising living standards and the bringing together of societies and cultures promoting a better understanding of each other. They ack nowledge th at globalisation is not all good news, that with it issues such as global environmental pollution, for example, but unavoidableness citizens to take responsibility for their actions, to look for ways of minimising the revile through their own actions and through the use of new technologies.They may have overlooked however, that local Governments/ politics may be limited in their actions in relation to worldwide/global issues and that globalization is for sure not developing in an even go throughed way. In Tony Giddens Reith Lecture he quotes Globalisation some argue creates a world of winners and losers, a few on the fast track to prosperity, the majority condemned to a life of misery and despair and indeed the statistics are daunting. The share of the poorest 5th of the worlds population in global income has dropped from 2.3% to 1.4% over the past 10 years. The proportion taken by the richest 5th on the other hand has risen (Tony Gidden Reith Lecture Runaway World 1999).Pessimi stic globalists regard it with hostility, believing that it increases inequality between nations, threatens employment and hinders social progress. Moreover they believe that globalization is making the world become more homogeneous with the end of reign and national identities as well as the demise of politicians capabilities to influence events. A pessimistic view would probably be that only the giant multi-national companies (usually American) stand to benefit since the US has a dominant economic, pagan and military position in the global scheme of things. They would probably view globalization as nada more than corporate hegemony and would definitely agree with the statement about very few people, organizations or states benefiting. A weakness of the pessimistic globalist view is that they dont seem to have a clear solution to the problem, its like they want to reverse time and go back to how it was. They undermine the existing structure but have no idea about any clear alte rnatives.According to the inter-nationalists all the talk about globalization is just that just talk. They believe that the world carries on much the same as it ever did that it isnt especially different from that which existed in previous periods and that increases in global trade across the world is just progression found on world trading links that have been established for many years a lengthening of the past.They argue that a good deal of economic exchange is between regions rather than being in truth worldwide, for example countries of the European Union mostly trade among themselves. This whole view seems unrealistic. World financial flows have grown exponentially since the 1970s and advances in technology have undoubtedly helped with transactions becoming instantaneous with 24 hour global financial markets. International trade has also grown to unprecedented levels and involves a much wider range of goods and services. As a result a weakness of theirs would be that unde restimate the power of nation states and possibly put too much faith in the capabilities of national governments.The third transformationslists is someplace in between the two. They believe that something is happening, that changes are taking place and that the effects of globalisation should not be underestimated. Unlike the globalists they believe that nothing is pre-determined or inevitable and that national, local and other agencies still have path for manoeuvre and that maybe new solutions may have to be found. A strength of the transformationalist is that they see sovereignty as having to be shared among other private and public agencies.They would probably sit on the surround as to whether people, organizations or states stand to benefit from globalization. Some people do benefit, some dont. Some organisations benefit, some dont, and so on. It might depend on who you are, what you are, where you live etc. A weakness of the transformationalist would be that they are somew hat blinded by the scale of global inequalities that are developing as a result of rationalisation as they tend to have more of a regional focus.The word globalization seems to have come from no where to be almost everywhere. Globalisation is political, technological, cultural and economic, it affects everyone and its effects can be seen everywhere. There are winners and losers but with reference to the original question in the introductory paragraph personally it would have to be a disagreement with this statement. Globalization is not something that should be shirked but the challenges it presents need to be controlled because it is now part of the way we live and its not going to go away. Metaphorically speaking it may mean a shrinking world but it is creating something that has never existed before and it is without doubt changing our world, for better or worse, no matter where or whom we happen to be.ReferencesCochrane, A. and Pain, K, A globalizing society in Held, D. (ed) (20 04)Gidden Reith, A. Lecture Runaway World (1999)Held, D. A globalizing world? Culture, economics, politics, London, Routledge/The Open University