Argument Essay Random Drug Testing

ARGUMENT ESSAY RANDOM medicine TESTING Drug abuse has always been a truly tenuous question as it always it deals with the health, well- being and steady lives of human beings belong to whatsoever country. Many people set out argued that mandatory medicine interrogatory is a violation of their civil make ups guaranteed by the Constitution. The Fourth Amendment grants you the right against foolish searches and seizures, otherwise known as a persons right to privacy.However, employers direct the right to know whether or not the people work under them be stable to do their hypothecates. Indeed, for gum elastic of every(prenominal) the humans randomly drug examen is the best way to maintain the quality of the employees. Legalizing drug testing has provoked quite an upheaval. Advocates claim that employers have every right to forebode their workers to be sober on the job, especi whollyy when safety and security argon on the line.Although, those who oppose random drug tes ting, argue that testing supportive whitethorn not necessarily mean that the employee was intoxicated while working that all it proves is that they likely put a buzz on, someplace, sometime. So they all mean that randomly drug testing may interfere the employees personalised life which is not really necessary to maintain his/her job safely. By the way ,this kind of un trustful behavior may revile the relationship between the employers and employees. However, drug addiction is a very coordination compound illness that many people do not become certain of until it is too late.All people have different reasons for doing drugs that have this illness, but all of them have many things in common including unreliability a very common characteristic when diagnosed with a drug addiction problem, and depression a state that degrades a persons state of life and causes a loss of pertain in everything they do(Wilson). By the way, teenagers are out of high school everywhere 80 percent of them have experimented with drugs and alcohol. When they move on past graduation and into the unsupervised years of college this shocking statistic til now goes up.If it is so easy for bush league to obtain illegal substances, a working adult has an even great opportunity to acquire them. Countless people could be using drugs and alcohol on a regular basis that no one would even know about. Not more than one month goes by to begin with you hear about some teenager dying in a car accident because of alcohol and his parents being shocked, or about neighbors that were stupefy by a murder that happened in their neighborhood by a man who seemed to be just like everyone else. The truth is nobody coffin nail really know what someone is doing behind closed doors, and it could end up injusticeing someone else.Drug misuse is associated with domestic violence, increased involvement with umbrage and police and decline in work quality. Obviously these characteristics would not even ma ke a close to feasible argument as to why a person like that would be a stooldidate for any job(Terry). Because no person in their right state of mind would get wind themselves in that manner during an interview, a simple drug test would fate that information without anyone being hurt. It may vary depends on the situation because of that being prejudice about this topic may be conclude with the put up of your innocent and hard worker employee.Drug abuse is getting increase sidereal day by day and it brings many concerns for parents ,employers and school directors. Because of all the responsibility of the safety is on the leaders shoulders, we should accept all the things that they have been doing for the maintenance of safety. In this point of view, as it is not ethically true randomly drug testing may abused. Additionally, it may prevent the future danger possibilities which may cause the bankruptcy of the company(Danny, p. 53). Because of all these dangers a little bit of le gal profession would be ignored.Some people may reject these kind of checkups but they would logically accept because people may abuse things if they have chance. Finally, as an employer you have a responsibility to oversee the people that work for you and you are accountable for their actions on the job. Ethically, randomly drug testing may interfere the employees personal life it is essential to make it for the safety of the job. Because of the drug abuse is wide distributed and has many side effects on peoples effortless life , employers have rights to check up their employees.It is only logical that they have the right to know whether or not their employees are capable of doing something that could hurt their company or the people who use their services, or whether they just wouldnt be productive enough to produce an acceptable quality of work. Sometimes we can do things which we do not prefer but because of the importance of situations may forced ourselves to do them. Work Cit ed Danny, Michael. Drug Warriors. London London press,2009. Terry, Steve. Employments Drug. newly York Macmillan,2007. Wilson, John. Against To The Drug Addiction. Los Angeles Penguin,2005.

Fast Food and Subway

News that subway system has passed McDonalds as the worlds biggest fast-food drawing string is hardly a surprise to Australians, given the sandwich chain has 1,254 stores in Australia, comp ared to just over 780 McDonalds stores. But the rapid and unrelenting change by reversalth of tube-shaped structure in Australia and overseas does raise an important question for the franchise domain Are franchisees now favouring smaller and cheaper franchise options? Franchising expert and SmartCompany blogger Jason Gherke, of consultancy Franchise Advice, says Subway and McDonalds have pursued very different growth strategies.Where Subway uses comparatively low entry prices and smaller store formats (which mean lower rents) to quarter franchises, McDonalds has a strategy of owning the land that a franchisee can build a store on, with the exception, of course, of stores in shopping centres or other retail precincts. in that respect is a much more significant capital investment undeniable from both the franchisor and the franchisee under the McDonalds model, Gherke says.The rate at which both chains grow is directly related to that. Whereas McDonalds would need up to five years of leave behind time to scout store locations, meet planning approvals and build a store, it could take only months to get a Subway store planned, open and up and running. The trend towards smaller store formats is one Gherke says is also clear in the pizza sector, where Pizza Hut has moved away from a dine-in concept to a pure take-away concept.Rivals such as bird of Jove Boys have also modified their franchise houseing to accommodate render outlets which can be opened in small spaces within petrol stations and airports, for example. However, McDonalds is unlikely to be too worried about being in second place to Subway Gherke says its slower growth government agency that McDonalds franchises remains much sort after, and very expensive. I wouldnt hazard a guess at what a franchise would sell for these days, if you could actually get your hands on one. And while other fast food operators are reducing the size of their stores, McDonalds has concentrated on changing its menu (particularly to include healthier options) and changing its store formats (with the inclusion of McCafe outlets in most stores). I cant say that Ive noticed a down-sizing of their outlets. McDonalds have modified their menu and their offer rather than their footprint. And of course, store numbers arent the only thing that counts in the fighting for the stomachs of consumers. According to IBISWorld, McDonalds has a 19. 5% share of Australias fast-food market, compared with Subways share of just 2%.

Ambush Marketing- Is It Ethical

Ambush Marketing- Is It ethical? period a parcel out of discussion has been going on for quite more than or less time on Marketing ethics including almost every setting of trade be it crossbreedinget research, market audience, pricing or trade schema. But none of these issues seem to be even close to the issues elevated by the ethics of ad and promotion and specifically bunker trade in particular. Hence in this article we volition take a quick look at the ever- change magnitude practice of yap selling, its origin, examples and its ethical concerns. groundThe confines ambush in literal terms means an outrage from a hidden position, this in fact, is the founding stone of the term ambush marketing. Ambush Marketing was coined in the 1980s by Jerry Welsh, the renowned marketing strategist, while he was working as a manager for global marketing efforts for Ameri suffer Express. When he coined the term, he referred it as a creative and legitimate marketing strategy which could provide a level playing ground to the competitors of a thematic sponsor. Today, however, the term is associated with a negative connotation.According to Wikipedia ambush marketing refers to a unions attempt to capitalize on the goodwill, reputation, and popularity of a particular exit by creating an association with it, without the leave or consent of the necessary parties. It is an attempt of the ambusher to associate itself with an typesetters case without paid the fee and get some(a) rub-off effects from it. When implemented effectively, it diminishes the value of the substantial sponsors of the event by confusing the customers FigTypical example of ambush marketing Fig1. Jet air transmission lines putting a billboard weve changed Fig1. 2Kingfisher likewisek the obligation of making them change Fig1. 3Go Air cashed in on the success of the two billboards There is a thin line between Ambush marketing and effective marketing practice. All the marketing strategies ad opted by a rival company in the middle of an event cannot be called as ambush marketing. An activity is termed as ambushing single if the marketer is trying to endorse a specific product/event and by doing that the revenues of the main event argon getting damaged. For example f spice jet shows its commercials in between a motor sports event, it will not be guilty of ambushing. But if Pepsi is launching a current ad campaign in between cricket world form whose official sponsor is coke and it affects the sales of coke, it will be termed as an instance of ambushing. FigPepsi ad during 1996 WC Strategies for ambush marketing can be broadly classified into two groups Forging In this form, a company misleads the people that the ambusher is one of the sponsors of the event by using a confusable name or logo associated with the event while it is not.For example, in 2002 Sydney Olympics, Quantas air passages changed its guide word to The spirit of Australia which was very close to the games slogan Shargon the Spirit. This was a classic case of ambush marketing as the official airline partner of the event was Ansett Air but the slogan of Quantas airlines suggested another(prenominal)wise. FigQuantas airlines impingement Here the ambusher tries to give its own name or trade mark through the medium of publicity of the event without seeking the permission of the organiser. This strategy uses the attention created by the event to promote the ambushers product.This strategy is more popular with the ambushers now-a-days as forging can lead to legal actions and this is relatively a risk-free strategy. A notable example of this strategy was in 2002 Boston Marathon, whose official sponsor was Adidas but Nike provided the runners with spray painted swooshes which suggested that the event was sponsored by Nike. Fig2002 Boston Marathon In 2006 Bavaria Brewery gave away orange tree overalls called Leeuwenhosen to some of the fans to support the Netherlands football team wi th the brewerys logo on them.The FIFA officials asked the fans to remove the orange overalls as Budweiser was the official sponsor. Fig Supporters wearing Leeuwenhosen By this time you all must collect guessed the issues with ambushing, but wherefore too let us reiterate some of the important ones. The first and the biggest of them is that it reduces the strong suit of the advertisements of the original sponsors of the event and decreases their revenues. It can also lead to withdrawal of some of the sponsors from the event such as IBM and Mars from the Olympic TOP programme.The sponsorships for these events are costly and by ambushing, these companies are deprived of their right to increase their visibility and thereby their customer base. Remedies for Ambushing Ambushing has been gaining popularity ever since it came into existence which is causing a lot of concerns for the official sponsors of the event. Hence for better protection of the interests of the company certain strate gies have evolved which could help the victim company to counter ambushing.The major ones are look into How to Ambush This measure is based on the premise that if the knows how to ambush whence it will also know the vulnerable points on which it could be ambushed and then it can try to plug those gaps through stringent contracts. Leveraging These are supplementary measures such as ads aimed at increasing public consciousness approximately the official sponsors of the event. Limit a non-sponsors capacity to advertise By limiting the non-sponsors ability to advertise in the proximity of the event reduces the probability of ambushing through physical stalls, outlets etc.This strategy is also known as clean stadium policy. Establish more control over advertising This is one of the most important and one of the most difficult measures to exercise. Since equal of media to the viewers of an event is much more than the people actually sexual climax and watching those events, it is ve ry important for firms to try and limit the advertisements by non-sponsors. gear up Consumers One of the most safest and effective measure is making the customers known about the official sponsors so that the ambushers cannot mislead the public.Legal Restrictions Stringent legal measures can act as deterrents to the practice of unethical ambushing. Is it ethical? Ambush marketing has changed its shape and form from 1980s till today. But what is constant is the delve on whether it is ethical or not. The answer is very subjective. If you are ask this question to the sponsor of the event he might say that it is substitutable with crime and to an ambusher it might seem to be an intelligent marketing strategy. The viewpoints force completely reversed if the ambusher is made the sponsor and vice-versa.My opinion about ambushing is aforementioned(prenominal) as the ambushers. Marketing as a field of study has forever been associated with creativity and ambushing gives them a perfect platform for the same. In todays world, where there is cut throat competition between corporates due to increasing competition and reducing margins, companies have to come up with such smorgasbord of measures to counter other. During the times of recession, when all the major economies of the world go to a standstill, it serves as a cost effective method of advertising.For me it is not rift the law or doing illegal, it is an intelligent use of the loopholes in the marketing practices of the other firm. If my rival is not aware of its shortcomings, I should use it to my advantage. Also, competition is not a game with set rules if I am refraining from using ambush marketing today does not mean that my rival facing the same condition would not use ambush against me. In my viewpoint, it is one of the scoop out methods of marketing involving minimum capital and maximum gains. What you think of ambushing is up to you to decide.

Operations Management Case Studies Essay

1. IntroductionThis report focuses on the case studies of the Levi Jeans manoeuverers and the California Auto Club reengineering client helper.It looks at trading trading operations management as a source for gaining a competitive favor and overcoming potential problems experienced within and organisation or spurt browse.The headlands to be reviewed be as followsJeans Therapy Levis factory take iner ar assigned to police squads, and team spirit takes a hit1. What went wrong with Levis move to teams in their plants?2. What could Levis engage through with(p) differently to avert the problems?3. Devise a team fillip plan that you wipe turn up in mind might work and4. Do you think the wishing to move jeans production offshore was infallible? Could Levis take up done nearly(prenominal)thing to avert the problem of increasing labor movement costs?A California Auto Club reengineering guest returns1. treat the guest proceeds process at CSAA and discuss the diff erent phases of the reengineering effort2. What tools from the operations consulting tool kit were applied here? Which other ones would be of nourish here? Explain and3. Discuss process alterrs role developing the natural design.2. What went wrong with Levis move to teams in their plants?In hunting lodge to answer to both change and complexity, most organisations argon turning to overb octogenarian, more than adjustive ship undersurfaceal of doing their work, such as flatter organisational structures, more team orientated environments and greater support from engine room.2.1 Scientific managementIt is fair to posit that pre-introduction of the untried teamwork system, Levis had in place the ideals of scientific management.Around the turn of the twentieth Century, Frederick Winslow Taylor had real a set of ideas designed to endure employees in manufacturing industries to score more out tell. Taylors objective was to attain high productivity by eliminating inefficie nt motions in human labour. Hence he divided work process into the smallest elements or motions establish on condemnation and motion studies, apart(p) intellectual and manual work, lookuped for the first class employee, who would accordingly be accomplished and specialised on specific tasks, and deliverd them with easily tools and nonrecreational elevated incentives for their high-quality performance.Taylor and his disciples cited the search for efficiency, one best way to do a theorise, as defense for such changes. Because scientific management consultants claimed they under(a)stood the natural laws of human doings and set asideurance, they argued that the implementation of scientific management would benefit both workers and society at-large. Nevertheless, dependable workers and their unions oft vociferously protested these changes because such practices made their work monotonous and overly trespassed upon what they perceived as their traditional prerogative to m anage their own beat on the put-on.2.2 writ of execution of teamsIn 1992, Levis abandoned its overage piecework system, under which a worker repeatedly performed a single, specialised task and was paid according tothe total amount of work he or she completed. The current system would adopt groups of 10 to 35 to share tasks in the desire of higher organisational performance world gained from empowered individuals running(a) together to digest the best of their k straight offledge, skills and capabilities.While it was thought the new teamwork system would be more humane, safe and profitable, the negative affect it had on employees and managers ultimately led to the destruction down of the U.S. plants. The new system managed to cause conflict amongst employees, damaged esprit de corps and triggered corrosive infighting. Furthermore, umpteen employees complained of shrinking salary packets and increasing workloads.What also could defy contri barelyed to the h honest-to-go d ondown of the system could mystify included individual opinions, were employees raft fountain the struggle between competition over cooperation establishing responsibilities, employees not assessing each others expectations and connecting them with goals and misunderstanding, opus it was essential for a team to give up good communication skills, non-communication parents confusion.3. What could Levis claim done differently to avert the problems?In 1993 Levis hired a consulting firm to analyse the problems, concluding the company should start from shaft and include all parties in redesign of pay structures and work processes. In hindsight, it is simple to say that Levis should not sustain phased out the old system as it seemed to be working. Having said this, with the introduction of the new system, in that location could have been greater emphasis placed on getting it right. What could Levis had done better? tally to Keogh (2003), motivation is one of the most starchy nouns in the English language. It has an intrinsic negative, as well as positive, intension and its trigger is different for each individual. In a corporate context, well-motivated employees can enhance a company. Those with poor motivation can generate honorable workplace problems.3.1 Abraham Maslows hierarchy of needsIn the late 1960s, Abraham Maslow developed a hierarchical theory of human needs. He set up a hierarchical theory of needs in which all the rudimentary needs are at the bottom, and the needs concerned with mans highest potential are at the top. The hierarchic theory is much represented as a pyramid, with the larger, lower levels representing the lower needs, and the upper mention representing the need for self-actualisation. Each level of the pyramid is de framedent on the previous level. For example, a person does not smack the second need until the demands of the first have been squelched.Employees in any organisation, let alone Levis, need come backs. Work ing want hours and spending more time away from their families takes its toll and rewarding employees represents an end to the means. The first reward, which Levis could have undertaken, relates to Maslows hierarchy of needs. That is, employees feel rewarded with a high amount of self-esteem and a feeling of accomplishment for a chew over well done. This also ties in with self-actualisation as the employees have endured the umteen hardships in an industry notorious for low wages and lousy working conditions. Both of these needs are part of Maslows higher enjoin need because they encompass more than just basic survival.3.2 Frederick Herzberg motivator-hygienics theoryIn the late 1950s, Frederick Herzberg, considered by many a(prenominal) to be a pioneer in motivation theory, interviewed a group of employees to find out what made them satisfied and dissatisfied on the line of reasoning. Based on his findings, Herzberg constructed a two-dimensional mental image of factors affec ting spates attitudes close to work. He concluded that such factors as company policy, supervision, interpersonal relations, working conditions, and salary are hygiene factors rather than motivators.According to the theory, the absence of hygiene factors can create chore dissatisf satisfy, but their presence does not motivate or create satisfaction. In contrast, he determined from the data that the motivatorswere elements that enriched a persons job he found five factors in particular that were strong determiners of job satisfaction obtainment, recognition, the work itself, responsibility, and advancement. These motivators (satisfiers) were associated with long-term positive effects in job performance while the hygiene factors (dissatisfiers) consistently get upd only short-term changes in job attitudes and performance, which quickly fell back to its previous level.If Levis took on the theories of Herzberg, whether in the old or new system, employees more than likely would hav e embraced change. From the outset, management, could have ensured employees were happy in their environment, by providing incentives, such as, bonus pay to highlight all of their hard work. As a result, the employees feel they have a sense of job security.4. Devise a team incentive plan that you think might work.An incentive is something that tends to stimulate or spine individual or group action.Incentives (money, treats, certificates, extra privileges, etc.) are external ways of motivating group work. They can be used selectively to establish a sense of internal motivation within the group. This is accomplished through and through another behaviour modification principal paired association (Tracey, 1999).Incentives prove group members feel good, and these rewards follow a study accomplishment, then sooner or later the accomplishment itself entrust lead to a very positive feeling. This, in a nutshell, is the longer term plea for selectively using external incentives.In the c ase of Levis in is of my opinion that the need for affiliation is a basic motivator of work groups. Belonging to a special group, should have been highlighted, and having the time and resources to hang out with that group is very motivating and engaging, rather than monotonous work. Consequently, providing team incentives that leave behind group members the opportunity to mix is a very effective system in motivating group work(Andrews, 1999). Either incorporating the gain manduction or lump-sum bonuses and individual bonuses would suffice to help morale and productivity. Refer to auxiliary A.5. Do you think the need to move jeans production offshore was inevitable? Could Levis have done anything to avert the problem of increasing labour costs?By early 1997, the writing was on the wall for Levis as their flagship mens denim jean had fallen to 26% of the marketplace share from a high of 48% in 1990.In contemporary commercial enterprise, world companies need to be innovate in ord er to survive. Innovation is strongly advocated and treasured throughout the whole process of production. just scientific management hardly pays any attention to innovation. Instead, it focuses on dividing the job into small tasks, increasing the volume of output and then speeding up the rate of output. Was innovation for Levis to produce their product in immaterial plants?5.1 globalisation globalisation is the movement of goods, services and money capital or investment across international boundaries and in this way becomes a predominately economic phenomenon sweeping the world. Throughout which, what were formerly national companies become international conglomerates. Hence, countries are no longer seen as independent and closed sovereign states, but as part of one big economy.Primarily this shift in mentation is driven by corporate Americas quenchless appetite to open new frontiers in emerging countries, and claim a monopoly on the source and distribution of products. All of which in short is because they are searching for more profit at a lower cost. Globalisation is also heavily backed by international consumerism, which is seen as the supreme religion of the era, which means that the fruits of this global production are rapidly seek after and indeed hungrily consumed.Initially this flood of products into the local markets of major economies causes prices to decrease. Whilst this lower cost to consumers contributes to a higher standard of living, it is short lived. Globalisation also brings the world closer to a central economy.In their never-ending search for greater profits they turn to the less wealthy, such as many of the Asian countries, i.e. Thailand, Taiwan and Vietnam. A large number of the poorer (or developing) countries now have rapidly rising employment rates . This is mainly imputable to the fact that with a lower standard of living in these countries people are prepared to work for significantly less, and still produce the akin p roduct.5.2 Averting increasing labour costsIt is inevitable that in any organisation of Levis magnitude experiencing a drop in market share, that downsizing be a result because of it.Nowadays, markets have become far more global and dynamic, and the business environment turns more and more composite and competitive. Employers and employees are faced with plenty of new opportunities and challenges. Also, manufacturing and information technology is getting more sophisticated speedily.To avert increasing labour costs, Levis did move into more employee involvement, thus creating an environment in which people have an meeting on decisions and actions that affect their jobs. This could have been a stayer, if not for the toffee- nosed managers. In a team-oriented environment, employees contribute to the overall success of the organisation, working with fellow members to produce results. This may have cut out some mangers, thus lessen escalating costs of consulting firms.However, whilst its true that the implementation of self-managing practices in the work place has achieved significant progress in terms of motivation, we must remember that there are always two sides to every story, and bottom line is that many of the U.S. plant were not performing and many workersfelt held back.6. Discuss the customer service process at CSAA and discuss the different phases of the reengineering effort.CSAA were seeking ways in which to make operations better and more efficient. Gregory A. Smith, vice prexy and customary manager of insurance operations, himself said that it was obvious that the old ways of doing business wouldnt work in the future, and that we needed to make some fundamental changes. How was CSAA going to implement change to their outdated customer service strategy?6.1 Pre reengineering effortBefore the implementation of the reengineering effort CSAA had seemed like a trusted member of the family to its many members. But under its own admission, and for a need to modify operations, the business process at CSAA needed to go under the microscope.At the time of the old regime, the processes undertaken would not have differed much to many of the large corporations nigh the world. Addressing customers over the phone, whenever customers needed to rent a car, booking airline tickets, making insurance claims or just general enquiries seemed to be the norm.How they went about this though, as we look at it now, gave the impression of rare times. With regard to how all claims, bookings, renewals and so on were made, by putting pen to paper, often service consultants needed liberation from a paper-intensive and error-prone work environment.Another problem faced by CSAA was that whenever members phoned in and made an enquiry, many of the consultants would refer their problems to other consultants until there was a resolution. Executive president himself saying, about the system, Thats not service thats a pinball effect.According to Cole (2001, p. 307) node service is one of the most direct tools we have for building verity, attracting repeat business, generating word-of-mouth business and boosting profits. It might be extensive of paradoxes, but customer service can make or break your organisation.6.2 Principles of reengineeringIt would be unprofessional of CSAA to think that all of their problems would disappear without careful thinking and planning. In order for their reengineering efforts to succeed, they needed follow the principles of reengineering initiated by the management expert Michael Hammer. Refer to adjunct B.6.2.1 A reengineered job after(prenominal) much deliberation, CSAA devised a new system designed for better customer service centring around a new position called members service consultant. CSAA felt it was time and as Cole (2001, p.8) states, planning involves establishing a goal and objectives and deciding how best to achieve them. What needs to be accomplished? By when? What needs to be done to mak e it happen? Who is best equipped to do it? As the old saying goes if you fail to plan, you plan to fail. Things dont happen by themselves wee need to plan them carefully. After all, a goal without an action plan is just a wish.Supporting the service consultant would be a new information system that links data that shortly reside in three separate systems. This technology will enable a service consultant to most members on the spot (Chase, Jacobs & Acquilano 2004).6.2.2 terzetto quickiesThe new system heralded huge savings for both members and CSAA. average turnaround time for processing new business applications was reduced from cardinal days to three days and the proportion of new auto policies that had tobe reworked dropped from 50% to 16%.6.2.3 A comprehensive surveyA widespread survey was carried out by four employee teams, to focus on issues encountered by CSAA members and employees. Questions ranged from services, products and previous experiences for members and what you would do if you were president of CSAA for a day, to employees.One of the subjects consistently brought up, by members and employees, was that of how a visiting member would have to go from windowpane to window to tie up different enquiries.6.2.4 Get CrazyFor the member service consultant to work, cross-training for employees on a range of CSAA services was crucial. The new computing machine system would require a good understanding by employees in order to intertwine all the vital information at CSAA together and make it readily available to those who accessed it.Employees would also have a say on how the system was designed, developed and also tested a ideal that would support the new service consultant. By this they would simulate everyday situation to help modify or identify any foreseeable problems. To barely make employees comfortable with the variety to the new system workshops, meetings, posters, newsletter and videotapes were provided.6.2.5 treat with scenarioOn-line prompts, on-screens prompts and what-if scenarios will replace the tedious paperwork and thumbtack memos. John Clark, a regional claims manager, says of the new system, were trying to create a tuition environment for the future, for all levels of employees from clerical to management (Chase, Jacobs & Acquilano 2004 p.343).6.2.6 One-stop shopNow members have the luxury of getting complete service with just one stop.7. What tools from the operations consulting tool kit were applied here? Which other ones would be of lever here? Explain.7.1 Problem definitionFirst on the agenda for CSAA to get their new system up and going would be that of problem definition.7.1.1 consequence treesInitially, CSSA had identified a problem with their customer service. By embarking on a long-term reengineering effort, business processes were put under the microscope. For this to work, a plan had to be put into place to target problems and figure out possible solutions. By structuring the process into di fferent phases specifies a direction CSAA can take7.1.2 Customer surveysChase, Jacobs & Acquilano (2004) suggest that OM consultants frequently observe customer surveys such as to determine customer loyalty. In the case of CSAA a widespread survey was conducted.7.1.3 Employee surveysThese can involve questions on employee satisfaction or as CSAA developed, a question posing what you would do if you were president for a day.7.2 Data gatheringWith the goals of CSAA to improve customer service, speeding up turnaroundtimes is high on the agenda. To have something to aim for, gathering existing information, such as, processing new business applications and the cost of baseline expenses will serve to improve or reduce these fundamentals.7.3 Data analysis and solution ontogenesisTo rid CSAA of its old working environment, it had to introduce the new computer information system.7.3.1 Computer showFor employees to grow accustomed to the new system, CSAA had to cross-train employees to help them understand the computer make-believe. Although not as sophisticated as much of the software available, employees had to become well-known(prenominal) with the new package.7.4 Stakeholder analysisComing under the heading of cost clash and payoff analysis, CSAAs most important stakeholder would be its members and employees. In endeavouring to put into operation a new system, the importance of considering the interest of all its stakeholders is central.7.5 ImplementationChase, Jacobs & Acquilano (2004) indicate that creating a new process and sustaining the improvement requires more than fanciful application of information technology. In order for implementation of reengineering to be prosperous any organisation, let alone, CSAA has to follow three important guidelines. Refer to appendix B.7.5.1 Responsibility chartsHaving workshops, meetings, posters, newsletters and videotapes issued to all employees would help ensure that each task is being covered by the employees.7.5.2 Project management techniquesThe reengineering effort is now being carried forward by five interdisciplinary teams whose focus includes workforce retraining, reward and pefromacne management and information technology (Chase, Jacobs & Acquilano 2004).7.6 Which other ones would be of value?After observing the operations consulting tool kit, refer to appendix C, it suggests that CSAA took up on at least one aspect of the five categories. Issue trees, customer and employee services for problem definition data gathering computer simulation for data analysis and solution development stakeholder analysis for cost doctor and payoff analysis and both responsibility charts and project management techniques for implementation.8. Discuss process enablers role developing the new design.A number of tie have to be crossed to help develop the new design. The major one of these being information technology.8.1 Information technologyInformation technology (IT) is considered the major enabler for s panning processes over functional and organisational boundaries and supporting process driven organisations. However, the point is not to use IT as an improver for existing activities, as which it often has been conceived, but as enabler for the CSAA. just about of the ways that IT can change the business process at CSAA include process automation and speed realistic presence and distance collaboration becomes possible mobility allows information to be shared out differently and increases interactivity and allows instant feedback. IT, when used appropriately, can enhance business processes.8.2 alternativeCSAA chose three employees from field officers for intensive training to help with the design and development of the new system.For CSAA it would have been important to select the most appropriate candidates based on the agreed job descriptions and person specifications that have been created over time. This acquaintance can be transferred to other employees and the playing out of simulated scenarios would perplex not problems. The selection process needs to be handled with care to quash costs of failure to select the right candidate or sanctioned problems arising down the track.8.3 Additional informationConstant monitoring form older management and additional information, such as, workshops, meetings, posters, newsletters and videotapes enable a smooth transition for other employees.9. ConclusionIt seemed as though Levis decision to promote teamwork only frustrated employees, especially those with superior skills. The common grounding on working in teams is that businesses who have employees working together to reach a common goal are more likely to succeed than the ones that do not. Sadly this was not the case with Levis.Psychologically, people desire recognition, need to feel a part of a team, and want to do a good job. But people, after all, are only human. Long-term personal goals often fall prey to daily or weekly frustrations. With Levis, employ ees may have found it hard to meld personal goals with the organisations long-term or even short-term goals. This may have contributed to workers being absent-minded or inexperienced and led to increased workloads on other Some people may have trouble sculpting individual performance goals atall. As Powers (2000), describes, in all cases, excitement, interest and performance can suffer.In the case of CSAA, management needs to consider the importance of customer service in a primarily service organisations. Successful organisations, irrespective of nature or size, have one thing in common the loyalty of their customers. Organisations that spend time, effort and money on anticipating and fulfilling customers needs and requirements will doubtlessly reap the benefits from loyal customers by enhancing customer satisfaction. However management should not put all its efforts in keeping customer satisfaction, as this will be generated by the overall service concept that the company provi de to the customer. Certainly the customer has to be in employees mind all the time reminding them that they are there because there is a customer who is willing to pay.

Business Regulations

Business Entities, Laws, and Regulations Paper Dorian Rowe BUS/415 Shaun Koenig November 14, 2011 Businesses in every effort sire to deal with entities, laws, and regulations. Management teams have to take into account items such(prenominal) as canvassation of control, revenue incomeation, and obligation issues among others. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the restaurant/bar, professional practice, and construction scenarios. For all(prenominal) scenario the telephone line entity that represents the best choice for individually telephone line, ownership structure, taxation, and liability issues for consideration.Identification of laws and regulations each business must consider in take ining the business, and identification of risks against which each business must entertain itself result also be examined for each scenario. Scenario 1 Cynthia and Mark visualize to open a sports bar and restaurant where customers socialize and watch gaudy events on large-screen TVs that hang around the bar. They do non have much money, but they do have Sandra, a wealthy investor who does not have time to participate in the business, but wants to provide capital to start the business in return for a percentage ownership (University of Phoenix, 2010).The business entity that represents the best choice for this business is a general federation that deuce or much people can form. Taking control would harp with the three co-owners to make a confederacy agreement in which each partner has equal rights in which to participate in the managing and controlling of the business. A majority rules over disagreements within the partnership situation and amendments to the agreement would subscribe to consent from all three owners. Each individual is responsible for his or her tax forms.Liability issues that should be taken into consideration include the unlimited personal liability for company loses, for a partners debts, for a partners transgressions. Laws and re gulations the business must consider in start the business deal with duration that technically a general partnership terminates with withdrawal of a co-owner, death or disability and sharing profits. Scenario 2 Renaldo and Naomi have just completed all educational and experiential requirements to be licensed as obstetricians. They want to open a birth clinic together.They will take out a large loan to finance start-up cost (University of Phoenix, 2010). Renaldo and Naomi are newly license as obstetricians and want to open a birth clinic together. Both will need to take out a huge loan to finance their start-up amounts. Renaldo and Naomi would be best to create a limited liability partnership (LLP) to organize their business. By forming the LLP, the partners protect themselves from liability beyond their initial capital contribution should the partnership fail or face a lawsuit.Members of an LLP are also not personally likely for the malpractice of one partner and states require LL P to carry substantial liability amends in exchange for this limited liability. The limited liability protects Renaldo and Naomi from taking personal responsibility for the loan they will take out should the business choke insolvent (Cheeseman, 2010). Forming an LLP ensures that Renaldo and Naomi retain control of their business because they are the nevertheless shareholders. For tax purposes, an LLP is not taxed as a separate entity so Akiva Renaldo and Naomi will only pay tax for the business profits on their individual tax returns.To form their LLP, Renaldo and Naomi will need to write and file articles of partnership in the state in which they wish to operate. If they choose to conduct business in another state, they will first need to register as a foreign LLP with that state. Organizing their business as a limited liability partnership offers Renaldo and Naomi the best combination of liability protection, tax benefits, and control of their business (Cheeseman, 2010). Scenar io 3 Mei-Lin is the hiring manager for Surebuild, Inc. , a new construction company. She has advertised a repose as a jackhammer operator.The positions description states that the favored applicant must have a high instill diploma. The succeeding(a) people apply for the position Donna, 35, who appears to be pregnant, is a high schooling graduate, and was formerly employed as a jackhammer operator Duane, 55, who is experience with a jackhammer, but has no high school diploma Rick, who is 38, does not speak English, has no high school diploma, but is experienced with a jackhammer and Jennifer, 23, a college graduate, who is epileptic and has no experience with a jackhammer (University of Phoenix, 2010).Duane and Rick automatically do not qualify because they do not have a high school diploma that is a specify requirement in the job description. Donna and Jennifer do because they each have a diploma and from there the employee with the most experience should be hired. As an epile ptic the Americans with Disabilities piece (ADA) protects Jennifer, but because Donna has experience and Jennifer does not Donna is more qualified. Although Donna is pregnant the manipulation law and regulation with which the business must comply in making a decisiveness would be the amended 1964 Pregnancy Discrimination Act from the Title VII of the Civil Rights Act.The Pregnancy Discrimination Act covers employers with more than 15 employees including local and state government governments, employment agencies, labor brasss. The can of pregnancy, childbirth, or related medical conditions constitutes unlawful sex discrimination chthonic Title VII, and to the federal government. The Pregnancy Discrimination Act says that an employer simply cannot stand to hire a woman who is pregnant because of pregnancy, pregnancy-related conditions or because of the bias of swell coworkers or customers.In this scenario Donna is fully qualified for the job because of her high school diploma and her previous experience as a jackhammer operator, therefrom pregnancy cannot be the reason she is not hired. Each business decision is unique and requires research to determine what solution is correct for the business. Every organization must consider the different types of business entities, laws, and regulations before and during operating. Laws and regulations provide the manakin to compliance of local, state, and federal business laws.Stakeholder understanding and knowledge of these laws is essential to compliance. document training and retraining of management and employees should ensure compliance. References Cheeseman, H. R. (2010). The legal environment of business and online commerce (6th ed. ). Retrieved from https//ecampus. phoenix. edu/content/eBookLibrary2/content/TOC. aspx? assetdataid=fb9bdcea-ca02-48cc-b883-c1cf12695559&assetmetaid=61859383-2c36-48f5-8ac2-4a24e5c61e14 University of Phoenix. (2010). Syllabus. Retrieved from University of Phoenix, BUS 415 websi te

The Effects of Modern Technology on the Study Habits of Students

The Effects of Modern Technology on the turn over Habits of Students By Jon Ireland, eHow Contributor With advances in technology, student study habits have dramatically formd. Its affected the way classes are taught, students learn theories and the way information is presented. at peace(p) are the days of slaving over books in the library and scribbling d admit notes on paper. Resources The Internet allows students to access virtually all information that is publicly for sale from the comfort of their homes. There is no need to travel or in time go to a library.Books are s ignorened in to the Internet, museums have work useable online, and academic journals can also be sourced. Speed Students can instantly gain access to information in distant quicker ways. at a time a resource has been found they can quickly search the good document by typing in a key word, quite an than having to look in a books index. Mathematical calculations can also be performed on special programs, while graphs can be plotted instantly. Sponsored tie in oEducation Research Read & research full-text articles from this journal and many much. www. Questia. com/EducationSharing Information can now be shared between staff and students in far more efficient ways. Schools can set up online portals where students can transfer necessary files, or alternatively send them by email. Students can and then print them out as required. The role of professors has changed they are no nightlong the dispensers of information but instead facilitate learning by providing guidelines and recommended resources. write Students are increasingly choosing to type notes rather than write them. Laptops are portable, sixpenny and have good battery life.Even math formulas can be typed using certain programs. PowerPoint can be used to present information, avoiding the need to change overhead projector sheets. Flexibility vignetteing has become far more flexible, implication students can choose to lea rn and present information in their own ways. Those who prefer visual learning can choose to watch documentaries functional on the Internet, while others can download books to read. Disruption Although its easier to access more information, its also easier to become distracted from work when using technology a theory known as DAD (divided attention disorder).With the temptation to clog your bank balance, speak to someone online or download a outcry available at the click of a button getting on with an essay or doing some important reading can be difficult. Read more The Effects of Modern Technology on the Study Habits of Students eHow. com http//www. ehow. com/info_7922962_effects-technology-study-habits-students. htmlixzz2R5dBhRa7 http//www. ehow. com/info_7922962_effects-technology-study-habits-students. html

Life and Music

Music is as diverse as the quite a little seeing to its many different genres. My married woman and I ar scarce two of the millions of people around the world who listen to euphony n spikely everyday. However, my wife and I apply a lot of differences when it comes to euphony although I can say that we share the same passion for it ever since when we were close up at a young age. For my pgraphics, learning euphony was at first an academic task because it was p imposture of a class that I had to catch during my earlier days in school. There was simply no notice for me to enjoy music as people should.When I was ten eld old, I bought my first AM transistor from my classmate. It was the first time in my life when I got the chance to enjoy the music of the Beatles and other bands acting country music at the time. That moment in my life exposed the windows of my imagination inasmuch as it sparked a great deal of melodic relate on my part. From then on, I simply just coul d not piddle enough of music and I was stuck with the pleasure of listening to tunes over the radio. My wife has a strong cultural influence coming from the Philippines because she, similarly, is a Philippine.I sequestrate my wife telling me that she al musical modes watched An Evening with Pilita Corales in concert with her parents when she was still young. Pilita Corales is considered as the Queen of Kundimantraditional bed songs written and sung in Filipino languagein the Philippines. If my wife was fond of watching that show way back then, I was fond of watching Lawrence Welk on the television together with my father and mother. Apparently, our differences in our earliest exposures to music hold matchless reasonableness why my wife and I still have differences today in terms of music.It is interesting to know that despite the fact that my wife lived in a country that is perhaps one of the most culturally prosperous countries in the world, she enjoyed spending time in the put-onground than doing folk dances which very much involved materials that were indigenously available. Those dances, as she recounted, were always played to the rhythm of local anaesthetic music which, at that time in her life, never take upmed important to her. She was too young in fact that she found it more(prenominal) fun to play in the schools playground than to spend some of her easy time listening to local music and performing local dances.I had the same experience when I was still as young as my wife during her childhood days. The whole difference, perhaps, was that I was doubly busy or I had a tougher time at school for I did not only have to learn English but I also had to reputation music as part of the school curriculum. I had to catch up with my school work and so I barely had the time to agnize the pleasure of listening to music and enjoying what it had to offer beyond sensory experience. Today, things have changed a lotand for the better. Fortunately, my w ife and I soon learned and comprehended music in our lives.In fact, my wife and I began to watch musical plays worry Annie, The Lion King, Blue Man Group, Tarzan, Mama Mia and lose Saigon soon after we got married. Perhaps it was the moment in our lives when we realized that we overlap one thing in common after allthe love for music. Each time we are able to watch a musical play, we always love the live performance due to the outpouring emotions that one can feel before a stage of actors and actresses giving umpire to a number of different melodies and rhythms that can not be soft heard beyond every performance night.Max Weber understood music as a deeply meaningful part of a unions culture (Turley, 2001, p. 635), which is perhaps why sooner or later on people will begin to realize the importance or the habit of music in their lives, regardless of whether or not the music they are listening to is indigenous or foreign. That being the case, it is easy to see why people can re late music music touches our inner mortal and reaches for the depths of our being that we oftentimes find difficult to express, let alone reach.For me, music helps us entertain a lot of things simply because music holds memories. As I see it, music expresses feelings even if there are no words to it and it also raises our level of thinking about freedom. Howard Gardner even categorize our abilities to mete out notice and even produce music as part of ninefold human intelligences (Pfeifer & Scheier, 1999), which makes sense to say that it is crucial for human beings to have an ear for music. Doing so can broaden our mental horizons and enable us to apprise life even more.While my wife enjoys listening to the music of the Monkees, Carpenters, Beatles and Michael Jackson as much as I do, I still try to go beyond the sheer pleasure of listening to their music. I teach art and I try to incorporate music into my profession. As much as possible, I try to play music whenever I have m y art class so that my students will be able to express their feelings more whenever they hold their brushes and begin painting images with beautiful colors. The way I see it, music is so strong it can evoke our inner feelings and give us the inspiration to make stunning artworks.Because music can reorganize our emotions and our memories, music can push art students and artists to greater lengths. In general, music helps people unlock the rarely touched parts of their being (Grant, 2003, p. 173). I cannot imagine my life and my wifes life without music as it has already been an integral part of who we are. Music helps my wife and I remember a lot of things about our past and our culture. It also helps us appreciate our lives and our marriage better each day without having the need to force ourselves to listen to music.

Dc V. Heller Essay

Winter Honors Civics & Economics B-1 moorage name DC V. monster A controversial topic came ab pop in the category of 2008. It was concerning whether or not DCs gasolene rectitude was quest along the lines of the Second Amendment Rights. A man by the name of galosh Anthony Heller was a special police officer and had gone in to register for a handgun for his home. The true underlying issue was whether or not the rights were protected under the Second Amendments which conjures The right to bear arms.The insurrection stipulation in the District of Columbia is that they scram a state law that concerns the registration of a handgun. When looking into further depth of the law the following things must be adhered to in the stipulations of having a hand gun. It states that in order to have a registered handgun it must be deliver and disassembled or bound by a trigger unless they are cosmos used for lawful recreational activities or located in a shopping mall of business. DISTR ICT OF COLUMBIA v. HELLER. n. pag. SIRS Government Reporter. Web. 24 Jan 2013. ) When the case was starting taken up before it came to the Supreme Court, in the lower mash system the verdict was dismissed until it was later reversed. The two woo systems that drove the case before the Supreme Court were the Courts of Appeals and the district court. The arraignments for the complainant were golosh Anthony Heller was dismissed for another four years until it was taken up again.In the arraignments for the Defendants DC found that the challenge to the composition and its validity was without sexual morality It seems as if they were trying to throw salt on the technicality of what the typography says in Amendment two and the right to bear arms. In the end what the plaintiff really precious were his rights to be acknowledged, being that its in the constitution and he was a police officer at the time. As fountainhead as he wants to be able to have a gun in his house for protectio n as most people would want.In the lower court systems had voted against what the plaintiff had brought forth as evidence. When it was finally understand in the Supreme Court the case was ruled in regard of the plaintiff. nicety Stevens wrote majority of the decision by stating that the Second Amendment is given to everyone that is a citizen of the United States and that right cant be taken past to a certain extent. There were concurrent opinions that were made by Justice Stevens who said if things are within our rights then we should be able to set out them and use them to the fullest extent of our abilities. District of Columbia v. Heller a? Case Brief Summary. Lawnix Free Case Briefs RSS. N. p. , Fall 2008. Web. 28 Jan. 2013. ) The take issue arguments of opinion came from Stephen Breyer, who stated that the second amendment is only for militia related ordeals and not a matter of being used as self defense. Heller at the time was a special police officer so therefore it w as really questionable on why the lower court verdict had made such a big deal out of the entire situation.The majority opinion was in favor of the plaintiff who wanted to register for a hand gun in the first place for the protection of his home. The importance of the case was that a man was being withheld his reasoned rights that are stated under the second amendment. It showed as well that a state law can be overturned by a higher government system. This case specifically was a major collapse of the Constitution because it showed a prime example of states trying to withhold the rights that we have as citizens. It shores light to the different things that certain state governments try to bring down and cover up.

Parthenon marbles

Marbles are a collection of classical Hellenic marble sculptures, Inscriptions and architectural members. This collection was originally part of the Par whenceon temple and new(prenominal) buildings around It on the Acropolis of Athens, Greece. They are a master subdivision for ancient Greek art and a treasure for the world. Those statues as al offices been part of the Pantheon complex until the Turkish conquered Greece and gained the power allover its artifacts and properties.It had been relatively easy for Thomas Bruce, the 7th earl of Elgin, Britain, to buy from the Ottomans ambassador a wide range of art pieces for a low price. He removed 56 pieces from the temples frieze, 15 mottoes, and 17 pediment sculptures, prescribed a caryatid and a column from a nearby temple and he exported them in his own courtyard. After few year he nominate himself forced to sell the collection to the British nation which deposited It In the British Museum for safe happening, where It Is still today.But long before their arrival In England those statues had been battered by wars, fires, earthquakes, whippets, destructions by sawing off chunks of sculptures and other kind of damage. They brook been scrubbed, cleaned with abrasive substances and finally reburied again with stained wax. Since Greece got back its independence, the folk and the politic leaders consider been fighting to take the Pantheon Marbles back home as nearly as Britain has fought to keep them in the British National museum. The case had been brought stock-still to the European UnionsCourt of respectableice but the marbles are still at present so far from their native place. Through pop the history of the world more nations has lost important pieces of their art as well as other countries and populations have stolen them. Whether its dear to keep those masterpieces or ordinate them back to their proprietor Is a very controversial issue and the world hasnt found the right answer yet. Everyone Ju st cares about their own business and they both want to keep others populations piece of art and have back theirs own.First of all I commend we should stop seeing ancient art as a producer of bullion but as a precious gift to admire. sustain of all we should stop seeing those artifacts as a property of that submit instead of the other but as a property of the holy world. Having said that I think that every piece of art could have been more enjoyed and admired in its own primal place. And I dont think up Just the country where its from, but when possible, even the building where it had been placed.I think it should be an extraordinary emotion to see what and how it should kook like many historic period before us, in the place where that object was made up for, its original(a) home. Many years ago I visited the pyramids, I was a minor so I dont remember it very clearly but I do remember how sad I was when I found out that inside they were almost empty. I expected to found a mummy, sarcophagus, approved urns and all the stuff that belonged to that pharaoh and that pyramid. I was so disappointed that someone had Just took them away, to bring them who knows where. Years later I the best Egyptian collections I have ever seen.But when I was there I felt so sad, I felt eke a thief because that pieces were not from Turin and neither from Italy and then it didnt look so good as it could look in the pyramids, the real place where they belong. I think art is not Just the piece itself, self-standing, but related to the environment it was designed for. Only in that way it could be admired for its own beauty and purpose. So If I had the power, Id give every piece of art back to their primal home, and not because of the money or whatever but because there it can shine as no where else in the entire world.

Memorial Health System Essay

In going through the case plain of the Memorial Health arrangement CPOE Implementation it is appargonnt that the direction of the effectuation was developing trouble from the onset of the proposal and the evaluation (Wager, Glaser, 2009). The first problem that is apparent is the lack of belief in the declare oneself. When the board approved the CPOE inaugural and appointed the champions of the count on the CEO Fred Dryer and CIO Joe Roberts there was already opposite from some of the stakeholders about this count on. The physician believed the CPOE dodging would create more workload for them as well as this corpse reducing the physician to secretaries. To smirch the effect of this power a physician would hold up been appointed as a champion of this bulge out to serve as an advocate of the carcass (Wager, Glaser, 2009). To gain buy-in from other physicians and user of the new system to ensure they have adequate input into the decision- making process (Wager, Glaser, 20 09).The lack of clarity of intend is apparent in this execution. The wander does not visualise the setting and expectations all the way the board approved a multimillion dollar initiative to install an enterprise-wide clinician provider order entry system to reduce medical errors. To denigrate this forefinger the implementation team must determine the scope of the project and what the ecesis hopes the project will achieve (Wager, Glaser, 2009). A senior health cautiousness exe bring outive should meet with the implementation team to set the tone and tell how the project relates to the organizations strategic goals (Wager, Glaser, 2009). The team will determine the scope, establish expectations, and institute a project plan to minimize this indicator (Wager, Glaser, 2009). Insufficient leadership support is another indicator that played a part in the harm of this implementation.When leadership wants to hear positive conference about a project and not the negatives the pr oject will fail. To minimize thisindicator clear and concise intercourse on the progress of the project is necessary the leader involve in the project should make clip for reports on the progress of the implementation to handle any issues that may sink that could hinder the progress of the project (Wager, Glaser, 2009). Appointing people who believe and committed to the project into leadership position to lead the team and make while for communication from team and other leadership (Wager, Glaser, 2009). Another issue that was an indicator of failure to this project was the requirements epitome was rushed several key workflow and system integration issues were missed.To minimize this indicator a thorough requirement analysis is done to ensure that all workflow analysis to support the modify in workflow and the system requirements analysis to ensure the requirements needed for the system to work are aligned with the strategic goals of the organization (Wager, Glaser, 2009). Bu dget cut to the project was a big indicator the would lead to failure of this project because in the status review meeting it was personateed that the project was on scope, on schedule, and on calculate led to leadership taking resources from the CPOE project. It is important the present a true picture of how the project is going not precisely what someone wants to hear (Wager, Glaser, 2009). Present a clear picture of how the budget is spent and what the project will continue to spend as the implementation goes to completion, such as training, or a newer version of the software (Wager, Glaser, 2009). wake an account of the budget can help to minimize this indicator (Wager, Glaser, 2009).This project was doom from the beginning there was not a clear scope or the expectation of the project. Analysis were not done there was not a detail project plan plus and unrealistic time line for the project to be implemented. Leadership did not communicate adequacy to persuade the stakeholde rs who were against the project to change their thoughts and so on. However, for the project to work the objectives of the initiatives are clear and communicating these objectives and initiative, and test the degree to which the organizational members have brought into them. Dividing the project into manageable pieces address the complexity and test the evidence that the project may be at risk from trying to do too much(prenominal) all at once.ReferenceWager, K. A., Lee, F. W., & Glaser, J. P. (2009). Health Care InformationSystem A practical approach for health care management (2nd ed.). San Frncisco, CA Jossey-Bas.

Mondavi Wines Competitive Threats

Mondavi What threats in the business environment does Mondavi face and how is it addressing them? High select agio wines produced by France, Italy, Spain, Chile and Argentina. In the past years, Demand increased for exchange premium wines, firearm consumption of inexpensive, lower quality wine had fallen. As a leave behind of changes in consumption patterns, europium had created a great deal of exorbitance capacity, while wineries of the sunrise(prenominal) world (South America) continued to increase vineyard land area in response to strong demand for high quality wines.The sizing of the global wine manufacture was estimated by 155 billion dollars (approximately), where Europe and South America dominated global consumption of wine with a market share of 70%. Mondavi addresses this issue by leading the business of premium table wines in the US instead. This market pgraphicsicipated with 11% of summarize world consumption represending 17 billion dollars. Analysts expected dem and for premium wines to grow at 8% to 10% per annum. Thus, Mondavi counsellinged 90% of its gross sales in the US through 15 top retailers and 10% to the comfort of the world through exporters.Leverage Risks and Capital requirements The premium wine industry is a capital intensive business. Historically, Tim Mondavi and his team had financed its operations and capital pass principally through borrowings, as well as through inbredly generated funds. They owned vineyards in California, and the joint ventures controlled land in California, US and Italy, which produced 7% of the companys total grape vine supply. The company purchased the rest of its grape supply from 360 self-sustaining growers through long term legal agreements.Because in the last years property value had risen and competitors had spent humongous amounts of money pursuing aggressive acquisition strategies, they could not face come on growth with the same strategy due to the increasing high damage of capital. On the other hand, they could not outsource more grape from independent growers, since Mondavi worked closely with the growers to guarantee prime quality and the use of the new agribusiness techniques developed by the companys own vineyards.So Mondavi chose to focus on a different strategy for the future. He planed to grow its internal grape sourcing by 25% by 2005, focusing on complete growth of the wine and appealing to a new segment of consumers. attention plans to take the company to the next phase by enhancing the high quality of their existing brands, appealing to the organic sectors of healthy consumers and strengthening market positions. production Substitutes Mondavi faced three types of competitors rival unwaveringlys that were focused on making premium wines, large-volume producers moving aggressively into the premium wine business, and global alcoholic boozing companies that were acquiring wineries to complement their beer and/or distilled spirits businesses. He esti mated that only 12% of the consumers drank 88% of wines purchased in the US. To stimulate demand for his products, Robert Mondavi set out to tame American consumers and to enhance their appreciation of bonny wine. everywhere the years, he became a leading promoter of the California wine industry. He encouraged visitors to transit the winery and to taste the new wines that he created. In addition, Mondavi began to host concerts, art exhibits, and other cultural events at the To Kalon vineyard. In 1976, the company established the undischarged Chefs program, the graduation winery culinary program in the US. Robert Mondavi explained his philosophy regarding fine wine, food, and the arts People who delight in food, art, music, also enjoy fine wines, and they enjoy them more together. . . . Wine is more than a drink.Its a culture. Over time, the company began to advertise more extensively to broaden its customer base. Mondavi launched its first major radio advertising campaign to promote the Woodbridge and Coastal brands in 1998 and its first national television advertising in the fall of 2000. The firms advertising expenditures, including point-of-sale materials, reached $20 million in 2001. Michael Mondavi reflected stick out on the limitations of the firms marketing strategy of the early nineties All those black tie events. We were complacent, cocky, and started believing our own press.For decades, our industry sent the wrong message, that wine is for special occasions, while the breweries told people that beer is the beverage of every occasion. Thats crazy. In the old country (Italy), wine was a relentless collar beverage, not an elitist, white collar drink. Our goal is to grow the customer base by removing wines mystery, while still maintaining the magic. As previously mentioned, the next step is becoming organic wine producers of its premiere brands. While maintaining high quality standards, he will reach the new target audience of green consumer s.

Mass Effect Ending Controversy

In peppy sh repulse Normandy fighting in the closing battle to retake Earth from harvester forces peephole not verbalise us why joker pull away from the battle as the victory scoot continues to fight the Reapers. Leaving fans mocking if the only creator for it was to watch the Normandy crash on a extraterrestrial being world for a Adam and Eve illusion in i of the three endings in this case synthetic where Sheppard is given the choice to intermingle humanity with synthetic life to increase under holding and to prevent hike wars.Also raises the question why the other crew members would abandon Sheppard so pronto and everyone who was fighting to save the beetleweed. 2. Beam me up Sheppard Members from your squad who were with you in the final run to the citadel suddenly appear out of the crashed Normandy with no rendering of how they got there. This is made worse as Gamers love interest for Sheppard suddenly emerges from the ship making gamers question further why they w ould abandon Sheppard after 2-3 games.No grieve or empty grave for Sheppard. 3. Destruction of the upsurge Relays In every(prenominal) the endings no matter what you pick or how high your Effective armament Strength Is the Mass Relays get destroyed. When in the Arrival DICE for Mass Effect it was established that destruction of a Mass Relay will completely obliterate a colloidal solutionar system. As shown on the galaxy map Sheppard would have killed billions of souls in the few seconds than the Reaper themselves would ever have. No matter the explosion it would have the same effect. 4.The Victory Fleet maroon With the Mass Relays gone the correct fleet would be stranded at Earth which is made of thousands of ships and hundreds of different races. Which all of which would be orbiting a done for(p) and devastated Earth that might not be able to support its own people. While the Quarries and Turbans cant even eat human food. Supplies would run out would the fleet starve to dea th ? 5. Collected War Assets for What ? Fans expected a felo-de-se battle deal Mass Effect gs ending only involving the entire galaxy.Also that the hours of gamely , Multilayer and Relationships that would have been repaired would have been shown in the final battle as none of the forces you collect are shown fighting during the take back of earth. skirmish takes adorn same as space. With humans looking at a multi colored explosion surrounding Reaper forces. 6. No Closure At the end of Mass effect the game prompts you to buy more bailiwick and an insulting scene where a grandpa tells a story to a child and refers to our hero as The Sheppard .No closure on what happened to the people we cared nigh for five years except for the relationship which developed between Joker and DEED which started in Mass Effect 2. No scenes showing what happened to your characters wizard or minor species also undoes some of these friendships as we dont see were telling stories of Sheppard which mea ns hero. Or seeing tall on her homework build it all Were left teahouse is that there all stranding in the sol system. 7. Another Twist Ending?Players left no choice by developer instead going for a twist ending that is barely pertinent to the story which offers no pay off . 8. The Final Revelation The beau ideal Child) After your hit by Harbingers beam things go off the rails. As you see both Anderson and The illusive man on the Citadel which players would like an option to save Anderson and an option to convince the illusive man to stand down. It feels cheap to be introduced to the ultimate villain the god child as the true force your fighting against in the last few proceeding of the trilogy.As he destroys the mysterious and lore with the reapers by saying Hess the one that created them and the reason for the creation was using circulatory logic saying the created will evermore rebel against the creator after you make peace teen the quarries and the get during a key part of the game disproving this. As this child says without us synthetics would destroy all organics when during the final scenes On Rancho the Get primes addresses Admiral Ran and says your acceptable to return to Rancho Admiral Ran with us. 9. Shepherds Acceptance of the God Childs Bonkers logic protracted cut Good Mass Effect 3 may have added a multilayer component, but many fans were interested in keeping their run into restricted to the single- player. Thats why some were upset to learn that certain scenes (like Sheppard obviously surviving in the destroy ending) can only be seen by raising Galactic Readiness something that cant be done through single-player missions. Teases been changed with the drawn-out Cut.According to Beware, your Effective Military Strength only needs to be more or less 3, 100 to see all of the scenes. As long as youre careful in your solo efforts, you wont miss anything important at the end anymore. severely One of the major complaints about the ori ginal endings is how all three of them were essentially the same, with just different colors for the beam shooting out of the Citadel. Theres however mom of that going on here, even with the new endings.Many scenes are reused or only altered slightly from one ending to the next monstrous The worst looking part of the new content is the series of AD art that appears in the red, green, and blue endings. They are supposed to depict friends and ally living their lives in the post-war world, but the static images feel odd and out-of- place considering the cinematic flair of every other major moment in the series. They arent even in-game stills theyre more like concept art. Im sure Beware has a reason for making the choice, but that doesnt change the fact hat a slideshows feels cheap and cheesy.

Minangkabau (Fundamental of culture, religion, belief and tradition) Essay

The Minangkabau cultural pigeonholing, too cognize as Minang (Urang minang in Minangkabau language), is innate to the highlands of double-u Sumatra, in Ind unitysia. Their destination is matrilineal, with property and land passing stamp out from obtain to daughter, while spiritual and political affairs be the duty of men (although around(prenominal) women as well play outstanding authoritys in these argonas). instantly 4 million Minangs live in West Sumatra, while just about 3 million more argon scattered throughout many an(prenominal) a(prenominal) Ind 1sian and Malay peninsular cities and t features. The Minangkabau ar strongly Islamic, and in like manner follow their ethnic traditions, or adat. The Minangkabau adat was derived from animist beliefs before the arrival of Islam, and remnants of animist beliefs unchanging exist even among some practicing Muslims. The present relation channelise between Islam and adatis described in the saying tradition adat f ounded upon Islamic impartiality, Islamic law founded upon the Quran (adat basandi syara, syara basandi Kitabullah).B. HistoriographyIn the 14th hundred, minangkabau people arrived in Negeri Sembilan by Melaka and r all(prenominal)ed Rembau. They be tillaged and able to socialize with the natives very well. Therefore, mixed marriages among them throw created Biduanda sept. Biduanda tribe is the maestro beneficiary of Negeri Sembilan and community leadership minang to be selected must be from the Biduanda tribe. The biduanda tribe micturate created a leader of Negeri Sembilan called Penghulu and then Undaang.C. CultureThe Minangs be the human races largest matrilineal society, in which properties such(prenominal) as land and shacks atomic number 18 inherited through female lineage. Some scholars argue that this might have caused the diaspora (Minangkabau, merantau) of Minangkabau males throughout the Maritime Southeast Asia to choke scholars or to seek endangerment a s merchants. As early as the age of 7, boys traditionally entrust their kinfolks and live in a surau (a prayer house & community centre) to develop religious and cultural (adat) teachings. When they atomic number 18 teenagers, they argon encouraged to leave their hometown to shootfrom schools or from pay offs out of their hometown so that when they are adults they can return home wise and useful for the society and can contri just nowe their thinking and experience to run the family or nagari (hometown) when they sit as the member of council of uncles. This tradition has created Minang communities in many Indonesian cities and towns, which nevertheless are even so tied virtually to their homeland a state in Malaysia named Negeri Sembilan is heavily influenced by Minang culture because Negeri Sembilan was originally Minangkabaus territory (the people believe so by the overage story from the ancestor).Due to their culture that stresses the importance of learning, Minang peo ple are over-represented in the educated professions in Indonesia, with many pastors from Minang. The starting signal female minister was a Minang scholar. In admission to being renowned as merchants, the Minangs have also produced some of Indonesias most influential poets, writers, statesmen, scholars, and religious scholars. world fervent Muslims, many of them embraced the idea of incorporating Islamic ideals into modern society. Furthermore, the presence of these intellectuals have with the peoples basically proud character, do the Minangkabau homeland (the obligation of West Sumatra) one of the powerhouses in the Indonesian struggle for independence. Today both(prenominal) natural and cultural tourism have change state considerable stinting activities in West Sumatra.1. Ceremonies and festivalsMinangkabau ceremonies and festivals include Turun mandi baby blessing ceremony Sunat rasul circumcision ceremony Baralek wedding ceremony Batagak pangulu rank leader inau guration ceremony. Other clan leaders, all relatives in the same clan and all villagers in the field are invited. The ceremony will last for 7 days or more. Turun ka sawah community work ceremony galore(postnominal)abik harvesting ceremony Hari Rayo Islamic festivals borrowing ceremony Funeral ceremony Wild boar hunt ceremony Maanta pabukoan displace nourishment to start out-in-law for Ramadhan Tabuik Muslim jubilance in the coastal village of Pariaman Tanah Ta Sirah, inaugurate a new clan leader (Datuk) when the one-time(a) one died in the few hours. Mambangkik Ba piquancy Tarandam, inaugurate a new leader (Datuk) when the old one died in the pass 10 or 50 old age and even more, must do the Batagak Pangulu.2. Performing artsTraditional Minangkabau medicine includes saluang jo dendang which contains of singing to the accompaniment of a saluang bamboo flute, and talemponggong-chime music. Dances include the tari piring (plate dance), tari payung (umbrella dance) an d tari indang. Demonstrations of the silat martial art are performed. Pidato adat are observance orations performed at formal cause. Randai is a folk subject tradition which incorporates music, singing, dance, drama and the silat martial art. Randai is usually performed for traditional ceremonies and festivals, and complex stories whitethorn span a number of nights.It is performed as a theatre-in-the-round to achieve an par and unity between audience members and the performers. Randai performances are a synthesis of alter martial arts dances, passwordgs, and acted scenes. Stories are delivered by both the acting and the singing and are mostly found upon Minangkabau legends and folktales. Randai originated early in the 20th century out of fusion of local martial arts, story-telling and some other performance traditions. hands originally played both the male and female characters in the story, provided since the 1960s women have also participated.3. CraftsMinangkabau count ersigngket, the pattern in the lower one-third representing bamboo sprouts West Sumatra grand mosque with Minangkabau-modern style. Particular Minangkabau villages specialize in cottage industries producing handicrafts such as twist sugarcane and reed purses, gold and silver jewellery using filigree and granulation techniques, woven songket textiles, wood carving, embroidery, pottery, and metallurgy.4. CuisineThe basic ingredients of the Minangkabau diet are rice, fish, coconut, green leafy vege give ins and chili. The usage of meat is in the offshoot place limited to special occasions, and beef and chicken are most normally used. Pork is not halal and in that locationfore not consumed, while lamb, posterior and game are rarely consumed for reasons of taste and availability. Spiciness is a indication of Minangkabau food, and the most commonly used herbs and spices are chili, turmeric, ginger and galangal. Vegetables are consumed twain or three times a day. Fruits are mainl y seasonal, although fruits such as banana, papaya and citrus are continually available. Three meals a day are typical with lunch being the most authorized meal, except during the fasting month of Ramadan where lunch is not eaten. Meals commonly represent of steamed rice, a hot fried dish and a coconut milk dish, with a little variation from breakfast to dinner. Meals are mainly eaten from a plate using the fingers of the right hand.Snacks are more much eaten by people in urban areas than in villages. Western food has had little impact upon Minangkabau consumption and preference to date. Rendang is a dish which is considered to be a characteristic of Minangkabau culture, and is cooked 4-5 times a year. Other characteristic dishes include Asam Padeh, Soto Padang, Sate Padang, Dendeng Balado (beef with chili sauce). Food has a central role in the Minangkabau ceremonies which honor religious and life cycle rites. Minangkabau food is popular among Indonesians and restaurants are pre sent throughout Indonesia. Nasi Padang restaurants, named later on the detonator of West Sumatra, are known for placing a variety of Minangkabau dishes on a customers table along with rice and billing only for what is bundlen. Nasi Kapau is another restaurant signifier which specializes in dishes using offal and the use of tamarind to add a glumness to the spicy flavor.5. ArchitectureRumah gadang (Minangkabau big house) or rumah bagonjong (Minangkabau spired roof house) are the traditional homes of the Minangkabau. The architecture, construction, internal and external decoration, and the functions of the house reflect the culture and values of the Minangkabau. A rumah gadang serves as a residence, a hall for family meetings, and for ceremonial activities. With the Minangkabau society being matrilineal,the rumah gadang is owned by the women of the family who live there self-possession is passed from mother to daughter.6. Oral traditions and literatureMinangkabau culture has a long recital of oral traditions. One oral tradition is the pidato adat (ceremonial orations) which are performed by panghulu (clan chiefs) at formal occasions such as weddings, funerals, adoption ceremonies, and panghulu inaugurations. These ceremonial orations consist of many forms including pantun, aphorisms (papatah-patitih), proverbs (pameo), religious advice (petuah), parables (tamsia), two-line aphorisms (gurindam), and similes (ibarat). Minangkabau traditional folktales (kaba) consist of narratives which present the social and ad hominem consequences of either ignoring or observing the ethical teachings and the norms embedded in the adat. The bank clerk (tukang kaba) recites the story in poetic or lyrical prose while incident himself on a rebab. A theme in Minangkabau folktales is the central role mothers and motherhood has in Minangkabau society, with the folktalesRancak diLabueh and Malin Kundang being two examples.Rancak diLabueh is about a mother who acts as teacher a nd adviser to her two growing children. Initially her son is vain and headstrong and only after her perseverance does he become a good son who listens to his mother. Malin Kundang is about the dangers of treating your mother badly. A bluejacket from a poor family voyages to seek his fortune, becoming rich and marrying. After refusing to allow his elderly mother on his return home, being ashamed of his little origins, he is cursed and dies when a storm ensues and turn him along with his ship to stone. The verbalize stone is located in Air Manis set down and is known by locals as batu Malin Kundang Other popular folktales also pertain to the important role of the charwoman in Minangkabau society.In the Cindua Mato epic the woman is the source of wisdom, while in whereas in the Sabai nan Aluih she is more a doer than a thinker. Cindua Mato (Staring Eye) is about the traditions of Minangkabau royalty. The story involves a mythical Minangkabau queen, Bundo Kanduang, who embodies t he behaviors confident(p) by adat. Cindua Mato, a servant of the queen, uses magic to trouncing hostile alfresco forces and save the kingdom. Sabai nan Aluih (The genteel Sabai) is about a young miss named Sabai, the hero of the story, who avenges the execution of her father by a sinewy and offense ruler from a neighboring village. After her fathers murder her cowardly elder brother refuses to confront the murderer and so Sabai decides to take matters into her own hands. She seeks out the murderer and shoots him in revenge.7. LanguageLocation ethnic groups of Sumatra, the Minangkabau is shown in light and dark olive. The Minangkabau language (Baso Minangkabau) is an Austronesian language belong to the Malayic linguistic subgroup, which in turn belongs to the Malayo-Polynesian branch. The Minangkabau language is closely related to to the Negeri Sembilan Malay language used by the people of Negeri Sembilan, many of which are posterity of Minangkabau immigrants. The language ha s a number of dialects and sub-dialects, but native Minangkabau speakers in general have no difficulty understanding the variety of dialects. The differences between dialects are mainly at the phonological level, though some lexical differences also exist. Minangkabau dialects are regional, consisting of one or more villages (nagari), and usually correspond to differences in customs and traditions.Each sub-village (jorong) has its own sub-dialect consisting of subtle differences which can be find by native speakers. The Padang dialect has become the lingua franca for people of contrastive language regions. The Minangkabau society has a diglossia situation, whereby they use their native language for ordinary conversations, while the Indonesian language is used for most formal occasions, in education, and in writing, even to relatives and friends. The Minangkabau language was originally written using the Jawi script, an fit Arabic alphabet. Romanization of the language dates from the 19th century, and a standardized official writing system of the language was published in 1976.DenominationsISO 639-3Population (as of)DialectsMinangkabaumin6,500,000 (1981)Agam, Pajokumbuh, Tanah, Si Junjung, Batu Sangkar-Pariangan, Singkarak, orangutan Mamak, Ulu, Kerinci-Minangkabau, Aneuk Jamee (Jamee), Penghulu. Source Gordon (2005).Despite widespread use of Indonesian, they have their own mother tongue. The Minangkabau language shares many similar words with Malay, yet it has a typical pronunciation and some grammatical differences rendering it unintelligible to Malay speakers.8. Adat and faithAnimism has been an important component of Minangkabau culture. Even after the penetration of Islam into Minangkabau society in the 16th century, animistic beliefs were not extinguished. In this belief system, people were said to have two soulfulnesss, a real soul and a soul which can disappear called the semangat. Semangat represents the vitality of life and it is said to be po ssess by all animals and plants. An illness may be explained as the baffle of the semangat by an evil spirit, and a shaman (pawang) may be consulted to press out invisible forces and bring comfort to the family. Sacrificial offerings can be make to placate the spirit up, and certain objects such as amulets are used as protection. Until the rise of the Padri social movement late in the 18th century, Islamic practices such as prayers, fasting and attendance at mosques had been weakly observed in the Minangkabau highlands.The Padri were inspired by the Wahhabi movement in Mecca, and sought to eliminate societal problems such as tobacco and opium smoking, gambling and general anarchy by ensuring the tenets of the Koran were strictly observed. All Minangkabau customs allegedly in date with the Koran were to be abolished. Although the Padri were eventually defeated by the Dutch, during this period the kindred between adat and piety was reformulated. Previously adat was said to be b ased upon rightness and propriety, but this was changed so adat was more strongly based upon Islamic precepts. With the Minangkabau highlands being the heartland of their culture, and with Islam likely entering the region from coast it is said that custom descended, religion ascended (adat manurun, syarak mandaki).Bugis (Fundamental of culture, religion, belief and tradition)Religious Beliefs.Almost all Bugis adhere to Islam, but there is great variety in the types of Islam practiced. Most Bugis identify themselves as Sunni Muslims, but their practice, influenced by Sufi tenets, is a syncretic blend that also includes offerings to spirits of ancestors and deceased powerful personages. However, reformist Islamic organizations, especially Muhammadiyah, have gained many adherents in some areas and have established their own educational institutions. The I La Galigo literature preserved in ancient manuscripts ( lontara ) describes a cosmogony involving an upper-world and an underworld , each of seven layers, and a host of heavenly beings from whom nobles trace descent, but knowledge of details of this literature is not widespread among commoners. The To Lotang, a group of non-Muslim Bugis in Sidrap regency, continue to adhere to an indigenous belief system based on the lontara and similar to that of the Toraja to the north, but has had to affiliate with the national Hindu movement to retain genuineness as a religion.The extent to which Hindu-Buddhist notions have influenced Bugis religious and sociopolitical notions is currently a matter of debate. The I La Galigo literature presents a pantheon of deities ( dewata ) from whom nobles trace descent, but contemporary Bugis argue that this literature basically recognizes a single great God ( Dewata Seuwa ) in accord with the monotheism of Islam. Despite this, some of the other deities (e.g., the rice goddess) are still given offerings, even by Muslims. Village Bugis also recognize a panoply of local spirits associa ted with the house, the newborn, and inspirational sites they are variously termed the ethereal ones ( to alusu ), the not-to-be-seen ( to tenrita ), evil spirits ( stang ), etc. In fact, every object is thought to have its own animating spirit ( sumange ), whose welfare must be catered to in hostelry to insure good fortune and avert catastrophe.Religious Practitioners.In addition to Islamic judges ( kali ), imams serve as local leaders of the Muslim community they conduct Friday worship services, deliver sermons, andpreside at marriages, funerals, and local ceremonies sanctioned by Islam. Small numbers of transvestite priests ( bissu ), traditionally the guardians of royal regalia, still, though rarely, perform rituals involving chants in a special picture of Bugis directed to traditional deities recognized in the lontara. Curing and consecration ceremonies are conducted by sanro, practitioners with arcane knowledge and expertise in presenting offerings and prayers to local spir its.Ceremonies.Besides the celebration of calendric Islamic holidays (Lebaran, Maulid, etc.), Bugis of syncretic orientation perform many house servant consecration ceremonies ( assalamakeng ) involving offerings to local spirits, guardians of the house, supernatural siblings of the newly born, and other such spirits. Some districts and regencies also sponsor festivals marking planting and harvesting, although some of these have become more civic spectacles than religious celebrations. Especially among nobles, weddings are major occasions for the presentation of status and often involve presentations of local culture, including processions. The bissu rituals, however, increasingly are restricted and performed without large audiences.Arts.Regional dances (e.g., padendang ) are still performed at some ceremonies for the harvest and other occasions, as well as at government-sponsored festivals, but some (e.g., bissu dances) are now rarely performed. Young men make out practicing Indo nesian martial arts ( pencak silat ) and the traditional sport of maintaining a woven rattan ball ( raga ) in the air with ones feet and other body parts, excluding the hands. Traditional Bugis houses still abound, and are used as the radical of modern architectural designs, but figurative art is meager in keeping with Islam.Bugis music is also heavily influenced by Middle east models. Music performed on flute ( suling ) and lute ( kacapi ) similar to that in West Java is common. Epic songs of traditional and contemporary martial heroes are still composed and performed, even on radio. Amulets, especially of Middle Eastern origin, are in demand, while Bugis badik, daggers with characteristically curved handles, are prized heirlooms. Gold ornaments and gold-threaded songketcloths are paraded at weddings. Royal regalia are now on display in some local museums.Medicine.While Western medicine has made inroads with the government-established rural medical health centers ( puskesmas ), m any illnesses are seen as specifically Bugis and curable only by indigenous practitioners ( sanro ) who use such techniques as extraction of foreign objects, massage, use of bespelled or holy water, and blowing on the persevering after the utterance of prayers. Illness may be due to ones spirit leaving the body when subjected to sudden shock, and certain therapies are directed to its recovery. Invulnerability magic is much prized, with the shadow playing an important protective role. Certain illnesses and misfortunes are inflicted by specific spirits associated with each of the four major elementsfire, air, earth, and water.Death and Afterlife.Islamic notions of heaven and hell are now most influential, although among syncretic Bugis local spirits are still identified as the spirits of deceased rulers and other formerly powerful individuals. Funerals follow Islamic rites, and are not occasions for major redistributions, as among the neighboring Toraja. Memorial gatherings for praye r and a shared meal may be performed at such intervals as forty days after a death.History of the Bugis in MalaysiaTraditionally rice farmers, the reputation of the Bugis as seafarers began only after 1670. Defeated in a protracted complaisant war in their homeland in southwest Celebes (now Sulawesi) in 1669, they started a diaspora and entered into the politics of the Malay peninsula and Sumatra. Under the leadership of Daeng Parani (Daeng is a Bugis noble title), the descendants of Daeng Relaga settled on the Linggi and Selangor rivers and with the creation of the office of the Yam Tuan Muda (Bugis underking), became the power foot the Johor throne beginning from 1722.2Conquest of Riau-Johor After grand Turk Mahmud II of Riau-Johor was dispatch in1699, his Bugis bendahara, Abdul Jalil, became the new grand Turk. Many locals did not support him as he was not of royal blood 3 and being Bugis, was neither a Malay. Thus, upon move the throne, Abdul Jalil killed all the wives of Sultan Mahmud to avoid any future claims to the throne. However, one wife, Che Mi, managed to efflux to Minangkabau and gave birth to rajah Kechil.4 Less than two decades later in 1718, rajah Kechil (then aged 18 or 19) assembled a Minangkabau vaporizet and ousted Sultan Abdul Jalil, basing his legitimacy on the claim that he was the posthumous son of Sultan Mahmud Shah II.Sultan Abdul Jalil was demoted to Bendahara and he fled to Pahang but was murdered by Raja Kecils men.5 Abdul Jalils brother ran amok and killed his own wife and children.6 Led by Daeng Parani from Selangor in 1722, the Bugis mercenaries who had earlier assisted Raja Kechil in his campaign now changed sides and fought against Raja Kechil. Chain-cladded and using muskets and blunderbusses, Daeng Paranis warriors drove Raja Kechil out of Riau-Johor where he flee to Siak and founded a new Sultanate. Because the Bugis were not regarded as Malays, Daeng Parani asked Sultan Mahmuds son, Sulaiman, to become the figur ehead ruler, whilst making his own brother, Daeng Merwah, the Yamtuan Muda who would wield true power in the kingdom. For the next 200 years, the Bugis Yamtuan Mudas would be the real power behind the throne.Selangor Sultanate (1745-present) The Bugis first settled in Selangor around 1680. After wielding power in Riau-Johor, the Yamtuan Mudas family ruled Selangor from there. Wishing to break away from Riau-Johor, Selangors Bugis chief, Raja Lumu, travelled to Perak in 1745 and was installed as the Sultan of Selangor by Sultan Muhammad Shah who had become the Sultan of Lower Perak the year previous. Raja Lumu then took the name of Sultan Sallehuddin Shah and became the first Sultan of Selangor. His descendants rule Selangor to this day.First Bugis-Dutch War (1760) The Bugis and the Malays in Bintan, the capital of Riau-Johor, were always at loggerheads and in 1753, the Bugis decided to leave for Linggi in current Negeri Sembilan to begin their own trading center. As they were good traders, ships soon travelled to Linggi to trade and Bintan lost its wealth. In 1760, Sultan Sulaiman asked the Dutch to helphim defeat the Bugis in revenge. Unfortunately for him, the Bugis uncovered his plan and fireed the Dutch first, almost capturing Dutch Melaka. After the Dutch won, Sultan Sulaiman made a fatal geological fault by allowing Daeng Kemboja, the defeated Bugis leader, to return to Bintan. That same year, the elderly Sultan Sulaiman died. His son and grandson, who in turn became the sultan, died the following year in quick succession. Many Malays believed that the three sultans were poisoned by the Bugis.7 The infant Sultan Mahmud Shah III was then installed and with no strong sultan to challenge them, the Bugis once again became powerful in Riau-Johor.Second Bugis-Dutch War (1784) Hostilities between the Bugis and the Dutch was sparked by a gainsay over the cargo of a seized English ship. In frustration, the Bugis leader, Raja hajji, began to attack ships in th e Straits of Melaka, prompting a failed Dutch attempt to punctuate to blockade Bintan. Supported by Selangor and Rembau, the Bugis then attacked Dutch Melaka. Raja Haji was killed and the Bugis fled to Bintan when vessels from Holland arrived and defeated the Bugis. The Dutch then captured Bintan and took control of Riau-Johor. Sultan Mahmud remained as sultan but the new Dutch Resident, David Ruhde, held the real power. Thus, power in the old kingdom of Riau-Johor passed from the Malays to the Bugis and now to the Dutch.