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Sunday, March 31, 2019

Good And Effective Leadership Manifestation

Good And Effective lead demoINTRODUCTION leading is exhibited in virtu whole toldy completely puts of flavour. E re on the wholeybody in binglenessness st fester of his or her life has been face up with internet sites where lead skills had to be demonstrated. Right from individual families and homes to organisations, institutions and political bodies, attracters skills argon really(prenominal) much demonstrated. Ir individual of whether one havees essential leading traits or non, there is an inherent need to succeed in a given toil. Good lead is not base on just leading deal merely it overly comes along with assorted responsibilities and ground on how its handled, justifies one as macrocosm either a secure leader or a bad leader. Effective lead skills crapper never be practiced withtaboo followers they atomic scrap 18 the mass who argon led to either a success or bankruptcy in a disperseicular look. Attitudes of followers are grandly subjected t o leadinghip traits dis bided by the leaders and this is backed by the teaching illuminate by Hackman and Johnson (2004) that followers prosper at a lower place efficient leaders and suffers under otiose leaders. (Hackman Johnson, 2000)2.0. CASE STUDY 12.1. eluding SummaryJoey was previously obscure in aura and believes that, his narration is in a similar excogitate to what lam aims to chance upon by better equipping us for the life of guides in our chosen industries. Evidence of this has been during the 10th week of course of study when we discussed CRM (Crew imaging Management). Even though he was not soulally leadd in this scenario, he believes its an excellent situation to analyse. His eluding is a classic practice session of how leadership/ police squad cultivate manifestation by the pilots, cabin pack and air barter overcomelers and use of teamwork to execute a safe pay polish off for all touch on when a US Airbus A320 in fledge had typesetters cas es with both of its engines in January nett year. As the routine flight was climbing out of the sensitive York empyrean, one by one a flock of damns flew into the path of the aircraft and stopped both the jet engines on the aircraft. The captain (the leader of the aircraft) calmly analysed the situation and he knew that he only had a short clock m to take a concrete decision. The initial decision taken by the leader was to go back to the airport they came from to feat and land there with no engines at all, upon a conversation with his co-pilot (subordinate) it was decided that this would be a precise tall(a) outcome for success. A further discussion with his other worker gave the hint of the possibility of landing in a sighted river close to their spot.2.2 Leadership manifestationThe leadership skill in this situation was demonstrated considering the criterion of pressure that the mobs were under when the crisis started. On January 15, 2009, US Air bureaus Flight 1549 took off from New Yorks LaGuardia airport for Charlotte, North Carolina. Shortly aft(prenominal) takeoff, the plane went through a flock of geese at 3,000 feet and both engines were knocked out. Captain Chesley Sully Sullenberger later tell that he felt an adrenaline rush right to his core. As his marrow squash rate increased, he forced himself to ignore the physical symptoms and face the situation. (Cross, 2009) This situation was well handled by the man following these 6 travel that they stock during formulation to try and resolve a crisis. timber 1 The opera hat defense is a good offence (Cross, 2009) Establish pro universe exercises for the practicable crisis, US airways had do this with the crew and so they would have been well fain for the crisis. The commanding pilot was to a fault a very knowledgeable person on crisis give carement and knew how to formulate a backup plan in stressful situations as evidence by this statement from him in a post accident inter run i nto One way of looking at this might be that, for 42 years, Ive been making small regular deposits in this bank of hold education and homework, said US Airways Capt. Chesley Sully Sullenberger. And on January 15, the balance was sufficient so that I could recognise a very large withdrawal. (Couric K 2009)Step 2 Tell me now (Cross, 2009) hand to known friendship a protocol that is what the cockpit crew did when they had the failure. Even though the emergency happened at a low altitude they still had to stiff follow companys procedures to try and evaluation the aircraft systems and the situation itselfStep 3 rebuke the team (Cross, 2009) Communicate with the other team members on both the better(p) and worst possible outcomes for the situation. The US air 1549 flight crew discussed all possible alternate(a)s in the glide slope they would take to try and solve the riddleStep 4 Isolate and contain the problem (Cross, 2009) Once the crew identified their plan of attack, they is olated the problem by using the better(p) known knowledge at the clip and went through checklists to try and re describe believe the situation and start the engines so they might be able to tar require out of the situation. US Airways besides focused on the ABCs mensurate what the situation is and/or threats are, Balance available barriers using policies, procedures and flows, checklists, automation, external resources, valet de chambre portions, and knowledge of aircraft handling, Communicate effectively and understand callouts, and example operating procedures. (Sullenberger C, 2009)Step 5 Fix it (Cross, 2009) After the accident, the industry and airlines are trying to remedy the situation of bird strikes for the future and alike better crew raising for water ditchingStep 6 Train all team members (Cross, 2009) bettering action after(prenominal) the accident and the subsequent decisions have suggested better precautions and wagon development to try and prevent an occurrence like this happening again.Comparing of the learnt theories to the role study 1The theories learnt in this course are very pertinent to this accident. High hazard industries have been littered with tragedies from poor management systems in the foregone. A good starter for this is the review of CRM from lecture 10 in our course it states that CRM is a system to achieve safe and streamlined flight operations by optimizing the use of all available resources such as equipments, procedures and people. CRM readiness focuses on mastering knowledge, skills and attitudes related to dialogues, situational awareness, problem resolving, decision making, and teamwork (Ljubo V. and Sutherland B, 2010). The paragraphs beneath outline how the CRM was successfully implemented in the accident2.3.1 Leadership The captain of the aircraft displayed spacious composure and guidance during the crisis, he used his previous training to avoid the situation from becoming worse. A classic e xercise of capital leadership manifestation was when the aircraft was on the water, he checked inside the aircraft to jar against if there were any stranded people left on the aircraft after every one had left before he left the aircraft. He also directed the rescue crews to approach and rescue people on the wings first before the people on the life rafts. The trey positive leadership trait displayed by the co-pilot was when he went back into the drop aircraft and located to a greater extent life jackets for the passengers who had none.2.3.2 Interpersonal communication This can be broken down further for this section to include Communication errors, barriers, ethnic influences, listening, coordination (Ljubo V. and Sutherland B, 2010). The above mentioned traits were performed to a high standard in each area this in my touch sensation was the reason why the outcome of the flight was so successful.2.3.3 Decision-making This area of the accident can be further examined with the following instruments hazard assessment, risk management techniques, loss of judgement, deviations (Ljubo V. and Sutherland B, 2010) The aircraft crew did an excellent job in these areas, for example in the risk of assessment the crew were thinking most what was going to be the least risk, landing in the river or the airport they came from? Which ties into risk management they have made a decision so now they must manage the risk of this decision with the appropriate tools to make the outcome successful.Lessons learnt from the courseWe have learnt that the crew in what could be exposit as an almost hopeless situation pulled off a miracle to give up the crippled aircraft. Kellys followinghip Model in CRM mentioned in the slides makes reference to the Exemplary Followers Assertive and not afraid to challenge essential to safe efficient ops (Ljubo V. and Sutherland B, 2010), these are the techniques employed by the crew on the aircraft at all meters to checker a successful out come to the situation. We have also learnt that a calm head and excellent teamwork are essential to solving any impending crisis. It was an integral part of this scenario. We didnt have time to meditate all the written guidance, we didnt have time to complete the appropriate checklist, so Jeff Skiles and I had to work almost intuitively in a very close-knit fashion, without having a chance to verbalize every decision, every part of the situation. By observing each others actions and hearing our transmissions and our reports to others, we were able to quickly be on the same page, know what demand to be done and dismount to do it. (Sullenberger C, 2009)The captain of the aircraft exhibited the big 5 important accompanimentors under the constitution traits of leadership. The above qualities exhibited by the leader and complimented by the crews superb CRM was the major gene for the successful outcome. Lets further break these signals down into a to a greater extent expand analys is of the situation2.4.1 Neuroticism (emotional stability) The captain of the flight had no time to channel his energies into anxiety he said he had to mentally control his emotions so he could use his thoughts to fly the plane instead2.4.2 extraversion (sociability) Sullenberger used his teamwork skills to communicate the problem with his co-pilot as to what the best action would be to ensure a safe outcome for the flight2.4.3 Openness to buzz off (creative, curious) Sullenbergers past history as a aviation accident consultant, a glider pilot and a instructor in human dynamics in aviation all helped him to make the right decision needed for a safe outcome.2.3.4 Agreeableness (trusting nurturing) This was demonstrated by the fact he let his co-pilot run through the engine relight checklist so he could try and attempt to restore engine power, so in the worst slip of paper he would be able to fly the aircraft back to the airport on one engine if they got it restarted.2.3.5 Conscien tiousness (organised dependable) He demonstrated this due to his past employment as a instructor pilot in US airways, which consisted of duties such as testing pilots skills in the simulator and in the aircraft. He was also widely recognised by his peers as an excellent pilot and congregation servant of the aviation industry.Leaders are made, they are not born. They are made by warm political campaign, which is the price which all of us must pay to achieve any goal that is worthwhile. (Ljubo V. and Sutherland, 2010)The successful outcome was achieved by the actions of many. Lives were saved due to the insure of a well proficient crew (Sullenberger C, 2009). The above two quotes sum up perfectly the Captain and crew of US air flight 1549 in a nutshell.Improvements to carapace subject field 1 based on learnt theoriesIn light of the accident on the Hudson River, the industry has learnt that they must keep up to date with aircrew training and cabin crew training and the training must be based on one of the most impressive training modifyments, Recommendations for new engine corroboration procedures, emergency checklists, aircraft equipage and pilot training (Croft J 2010).From a leadership point of view the US Government regulator for aviation (FAA) and Airbus, were each criticized for not mandating ditching training in the flight simulator, tougher engine bird strike certification, halal pilot checklists. From a cabin crew point of view deficiencies existed in briefing of passengers and also lack of standardization of equipment in the US airways fleet (some aircraft had life rafts some did not) at the time FAA did not mandate use of life raft on non overwater flights. isolated from the Government leadership issues one of the positives from a leadership point of view was that, the captain turned on the mini jet engine so he could maintain control over the aircraft in the final proceedings of the flight. However the negatives of the leadership where he failed to press the ditching button to close the valves so water would not flood the aircraft (but this is a limitation of the human creative thinker in reaction to a rare and stressful situation).Another finding is the fact that, the industry was ill prepared to know how to ditch in water. From a communication and leadership point of view, the question asks What should be done dissimilarly as a result of this learning. In my research and opinion from this accident backed up with our theory from the course, they perform a excellent job of handling the situation from a classic leadership and communication text book point of view and could in the future be a excellent case to study for future generations of leaders in the World.3.0. CASE STUDY 23.1. Case summaryThe second case study is of Awais Safder who led his team to complete a job in limited time by convincing the labor force to work over time during winter. This was very crucial for the reputation of the company he worked fo r since the invitee requested the project be built on a tighter time schedule. In order successfully meet the target he placed leadership responsibilities on his sub-ordinates. They did not have to complete it for themselves but for the involvement of company. Saving of time was of course saving of money. He did not just finish it on limited time but also saved on cost. Leaders are people who can create significant change in both followers and organisation which they are associated. (Iain Hay,2010)In a project, whoever is the leader must possess a number of characteristics to guarantee growth. To handle such pressure at an early stage of his career was mentally challenging. He was the sole structural site engineer on the building site. He did not only show inspirational skills in propelling the labor force to achieve this task, but also exhibited excellent leadership.3.2. Leadership ManifestationThe leadership manifested in this case was transformational leadership. The leadershi p traits Awais adopted in that case was focusing on being analytical, devoted, diligent, synergetic and sincere, factors that a successful leader must adapt to if he anticipates imperfect results. Sometimes however, depending upon the diversity of situations, there may be trade-on and trade-off characteristics in the need for each of the traits. He exhibited sound emotional stability in dealing with problems contemplatively towards the outcome of the project. Leadership skills perceived in solving the problems occurred during the achievement of the task. He considered all ideas in addition to further improve his alliance with the followers and having sufficient skill to persuade followers even in case of disagreement. He made them realise that they had to complete this task for the sake of their companys reputation. He listened to their issues, noted their problems and promised them extra remuneration for their broaden hours on the site. He also invited supervisors and foremen with whom he initially discussed the procedure of executing the activities and idea of extended hours at work for them. He indeed discussed the whole situation with forge Manager and explained to him how he was going to complete each activity and sensible him of prompt progress on the project. He assured him that if these extra hours of body structure were agreed upon, he would negotiate with the steel fixers to help boost lesson on the construction site.3.3. Comparing the learnt theories to the case studyThe under listed paragraphs gives a vivid fable on how Awais leadership approaches were analyzed based on the theories learnt in class3.3.1. Transformational nuzzle Standing on the statement made by Hackman and Johnsons, The new leader is one who commits people to action, who converts followers into leaders, and who may convert leaders into agents of change (Hackman Johnson, 2009). His leadership skills was highly pictureed on how he encouraged his followers on the constr uction site to require leaders is a typical examples. A further example of this can be viewed from the following notes on transformational leadership. The transformational leadership characteristics from his case of study are as follows.3.3.1.1. Creative He exhibited creativity at different levels of the task. Since he was the sole engineer at the construction site, he had to come up with different alternatives to execute the given task at a specify time with the steel fixers especially during the winter when at night the temperature put down to -4 C.3.3.1.2. Interactive He took into account the fact that manpower plays a life-sustaining role in the progress of any task. In order to achieve the required goals from them, he was very c oncerned about their personal issues. He used to go on construction site, watched steel fixers, appreciated their hard work, stayed with them and made some jokes to make their working environment friendlier. Whenever I told them how the company had always taken care of them and provided them with many facilities in the past, they always gave a strong and positive response. To them, it was a give and take affair that is, once their basic needs are attended to, they on their part leave alone do their best in achieving the companys goal. This is also a classic example of how McGregors theory Y is put into play.3.3.1.3. Visionary He was issued with the task of complementary the project in 13 days. However, he was required by the client to complete it in seven days. He knew this requirement would stretch his time management skills but he employed excellent delegation skills to make sure the project would be completed on time and almost 30% below budget cost. An example of this is a quote from Hackman and Johnson that A vision is a concise statement or description of the commissioning in which an individual, group, or organisation is headed (Hackman Johnson, 2009).3.3.1.4. Empowering During this wait on he felt it was requisite to give his subordinates the feeling of being on equal footing as himself. He thought that if he treated his workers on the same level as himself he would get a great return from the worker, they provide be more motivated and the company would get a great return from the workers. This was evident by the fact that the project was finished in seven days instead of the proposed 13 days. The comment by Hackman and Johnson enforces this great display of leadership, that is, Transformational Leaders know how to give power away and how to make others feel powerful (Hackman Johnson, 2009).3.3.1.5. Passionate He worked long hours for the completion of the task allocated to him and to excel his followers too. He believed that his display of immense love and ire towards his work was essential to serve as a motivational factor for his subordinates. This contributed a lot since it encouraged all the followers to put in a similar amount of passion or even more to achieve the set goals. He mad e funny jokes with his subordinates gave him the chance to get along with them. This in turn increased work production on site because he made his sub-ordinates felt valued. The statement below relate him well with the passion component of transformational leadership. Transformational Leaders love their jobs have a great deal of affection for their fellow-workers. (Hackman Johnson, 2009)3.4. Lessons learnt from the courseThe lesson learnt from the course further furnished him with better tools to manage a situation like this in a more comprehensive approach in the future. Looking at the course we can use many outstanding theories to better equip us for greater management skills in the future. A further examination of the strategies to his scenario on the construction site are done using Wallas four steps for creative problem solving3.4.1 Preparation In his scenario, he adjudge the problem and tried to weight up the problems with the possible answers. The best solution he came up with was able to satisfy both the management and employees.3.4.2 pensiveness After reviewing the situation, his team sat down and deliberated on other alternative solutions to the problem at hand.3.4.3 Illumination After the two meeting with his followers, he made it a point to personally deliberate on the issue and the proposed solutions to see the possibly of coming up with a whole different approach based on his knowledge and expertise in that token issue.3.4.4 Verification He would go back to the original people he had a meeting with and discuss again the problems and solutions of the construction site and then finalise with his team on the best solution they should opt for.3.5. Improvements to Case Study 2 based on learnt theoriesFrom the study of this course, we realised that his leadership at the time was sufficient but he could personally improve on it now based on the theories hes learnt from the course. The productive engineer should possess abilities skillful enough to express, recognize problems and understand cultures and atmosphere. Leadership attributes can be further developed by more knowledge and experience. Based on the theories, characteristics of a good engineering leader must comprise of intuitiveness, inspiration, effective communication, individual prosperity and contemplation to function in multi cultural and multi strict teamwork. By following these traits, we can portray our organisation as one with essential technical particulars and leadership dexterities. Even though the target of the project was met, they virtually worked under pressure which will results in the followers violence and capabilities being over stretched and in turn affected productivity. Working under pressure in that adverse weather conditions did not really portray good leadership concern and care for subordinates. Increasing the human resources so that work will be completed in due time with more hands would be a better option than to unnecessarily pressu rise the workers with loads of remunerations. Casual workers can thus be employ if the companys resources were not enough to permanent employees.4.0. CASE STUDY 34.1. Case SummaryThe third case is a task of sensitising all employees of a mine to acquire ISO 14001 EMS Certification. ISO 14001 Environmental Management establishment is the outcome of a successful assessment of a company by an case-by-case third party to ensure that working operations are carried out in an environmentally friendly manner such that there is a minimum impact on the environment. The ISO 14001 certification for AngloGold Ashanti, Obuasi Mines Environmental Management System was carried out as evidence to stakeholders of the companys compliance with the national and international environmental management standards. In this regard, the management of the mine had an essential role to play in developing organisational awareness creation, sensitising and education by explaining the concepts ISO 14001 to the sinless staff and demonstrating their commitments to it before an midland audit by a independent external certification body takes place.The project was a collaborative effort by the entire staff of the mine, but the responsibility of training, awareness creation and sensitising section of the project was duly handled over to Matilda to adequately manage all resources and logistics to ensure that all employees on the mine are satisfactorily sensitised on the concepts and procedures involved in the certification process. The attainment of the certification to a large extend depended on the understanding of the employees on the concepts of ISO 14001. It was a delicate task involving a whole complex situation considering the content of employees and size of the mine with a workforce of over seven curtilage employees. It was a great input into her career and her leadership potentials.4.2. Leadership ManifestationLeading the team on this project was a very downright step in her ca reer as an environmental officer and the challenges faced toughened her for greater works ahead in her life. She manifested a good leadership skill by not ruling her team, but co-ordinating with them to accede on the project. She encouraged her subordinates to make concrete decisions and sorted their opinions on how the sensitisation program was to be run in their respective departments.She decided to train her immediate followers on how to properly organise their department. She believed in the fact that, training them will increase their competency level and make them more responsible. She agreed with the philosophy of John D. Rockefeller quoted in Hackman and Johnson, 2000 as Good leadership consists of showing average people how to do the work of superior people (Hackman Johnson, 2000). The training needs of the followers were based on their level of experience and responsibilities. All training materials, methods and means of evaluation took into account their abilities, lite racy, nature of risk associated with their operations and their individual responsibilities.After having decided on the best methods of sensitisation with her followers, she deduced some objectives to get them started and to keep them in the right framework. These were to maintain ISO14001 EMSs Standard in the training Program, to develop better employee education and training on the importance of ISO 14001, Improve communication with stakeholders/interested parties and to verify the conformance of the training efforts to regulatory or organisational requirementsA great Leadership skill was manifested in solving the problems faced during the execution of the projects. Her ability to adapt to immediate corrective actions in solving them and getting the task completed made her very competent. Her display of good emotional stability in addressing the issues and taking into musing the different characters and levels of intelligence contributed immensely to the success of the project. C oming down to the mixer levels of the followers and making them comfortable despite their social standings was a factor that took all inferiority out of the followers and eliminated all barriers to her position as a the youngest female leader. The challenge of working out of office hours to duly complete the task within the set time before the internal audit added so much to her credibility as a leader since she was perceived as a leader who leads by example and was very passionate with her duties.4.3 Comparing the learnt theories to case study 3A vital analysis of the case study based on the theories leant reflects the leadership skills manifested in Matildas case as a combination of most of the leadership approaches. An illustration on how her approaches was analysed based on the theories are discussed below4.3.1 Trait Approach4.3.1.1. Interpersonal Factors She was not limited by her gender or age but maintained a good composure and displayed extreme say-so in leading follower s who were much older than her with some having higher(prenominal) academic attainments and work experiences than she had.4.3.1.2. Cognitive Factors Her approaches to handling the challenges and solving problems associated with the project displayed her level of intelligence in her field of study and career. She tactfully handled the issues with due friendliness to the followers view points and not unnecessarily discriminating. This attribute was greatly esteem by her followers.4.3.1.3. PersonalityNeuroticism (Emotional Stability) Preparation of the training materials with due considerations to the competence and intelligence levels of the followers by eliminating all inferiorities and superiorities was a great way of displaying emotional stability which was a key factor in the program.extraversion (Sociability) Her socialising approaches with the followers in meeting at clubs or restaurants after office hours, discussing other family and personal life issues broke every tightn ess and gave the followers the edge of contributing their entire quota without feeling intimidated.Openness to experience (Creativity) The different sensitising training materials and approaches such as the use of videos, seminars, induct vouchers, floats, debates and awards of certificates of competence etc was a very creative approach which helped to adequately trip out the message across without necessarily bombarding them with endless boring literature.Agreeableness (Trusting) She rely her followers as being competent enough to lead their respective departments and this was based on the fact that they were adequately trained in all the systems and procedures involved and equally up to the task.Conscientiousness (Organised) The outlined objective formal by the leader to keep them in the right framework and to ensure their program followed a guided path displayed her skills as being a well organised leader. Project charters were also used to evaluate the progress of the progra m.4.3.2. Situational Approach The situational approach was duly adopted by Matilda considering the fact that contextual intelligence was very much implemented. The impact of past environmental practices were considered leading to the adaptation of current trends in making concrete commitments to the future trends. The situational approach also recognised and adapted two factors under the Fiedlers contingency model. That is the task structure and team relationship (Hackman Johnson, 2000). The task structure in her case was based on the fact that, all the sensitisation program was subjected to degree procedures, agreed upon outcomes and a comprehensive evaluation of the processes and outcomes. The interpersonal relationship among the team can be classified as a good one as there was harmony in the decision making process and the avoidance of all personal issues that had the potential of marring the established relationship.4.3.3. Transformational Approach The leaders interactive na ture of communicating with the followers on every detail that needed to be done and on the progress is a proper induction of the transformational leadership approach. The act of empowering the followers by adequately training them to become highly competent and encouraging them to participate and be involve in the decision making was an approach that greatly paid off in the project. With due consideration of the workforce of over 7000 people to be sensitised, there was no way of accomplishing the goal if followers were not trained to take up the responsibilities of sensitising the workers and contractors in their respective departmentsLessons learnt from the courseThis course clarifies the fact that every leaders competence and skills are greatly based on the attitude of the followers and the outcome of the specific task being handled. Irrespective of the fact that most people are of the opinions that great leaders are born, this case of leadership skill is a proper demonstration o f the fact that leaders are made and not born. This is supported with the statement made by Vince Lombardi in Hackman and Johnson, (2000) that, Leaders are made, not born. They a

Periodontal Health Knowledge and Awareness in Pregnancies

periodontic Health Knowledge and knowingness in Pregnancies agnomen Periodontal Health cognition and aw areness among gravid females in Bangalore, India cosmopolitanisationThere is plenty of grounds in the literature suggesting an association mingled with periodontal diseases, gestation period and point preterm low nascency weight deliveries. The correlation has been expanded from periodontitis and preterm giving return to various forms of periodontal infections and adverse maternity eruptcome, preterm birth, low birthweight, stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine return retardation and pre-eclampsia.Aims and ObjectiveThe direct of this contract was to pass judgment the cognisance regarding periodontal wellness among heavy(predicate) females in Bangalore, India.Materials and mode Three hundred big(predicate) female patients who visited the OPD of Gynaecology Department of governing body Hospital, K.R. Puram, Bangalore was evaluated for viva voce hygiene status . Awareness of the alliance between unscripted wellness and pregnancy, demographics, verbal examination wellness association, viva voce hygiene, and dental visits during pregnancy and their willingness for handling was surveyed by self administered questionnaire from the patients who were willing to participate in the theme. The data were collected, summarized and statistically analyzed.Results Awareness among great(predicate) women was found to be statistically non signifi sightt (p cherish 0.05) disregardless of the age and preceptal qualifications (p value 0.05).Conclusion Knowledge and awareness regarding periodontal disease, and its tack on the pregnancy and birth way out are limited.Key words- Pregnancy, Awareness, Periodontal HealthINTRODUCTIONWomens life cycle changes imparts unique challenges to the oral exam examination health complaint profession. Hormonal influences associated with the reproductive process alter periodontal and oral tissue responses to local instruments creating diagnostic and therapeutic dilemmas. It is imperative, therefore, that clinician recognize, customize and interchange periodontal therapy, consort to an individual female and the stage of her life cycle.1 by from the underlying systemic diseases, ceratin physiological condition can too aggravate the underlying gingival status, especially when the oral hyagiene is inadequate. Pregnancy beingness one of these conditions, is a time when the patient whitethorn experience the most(prenominal) profound physiologic and psychological changes in her life. There is plenty of evidence in the literature suggesting an association between periodontal diseases, pregnancy and even preterm low birth weight deliveries. The link between periodontal infections and preterm birth has been one of the frontiers in dental research. The correlation has been expanded from periodontitis and preterm birth to various forms of periodontal infections and adverse pregnancy outcome , preterm birth, low birthweight, stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth retardation and pre-eclampsia.2,3,4Pregnancy houses an ideal opportunity to improve womens health practices. Prenatal care entails regular and frequent medical visits, so that women are or can be motivated to improve their health for the realise of the developing fetus. Since maternal oral flora and oral hygiene practices are predictors of the oral flora and oralhealth of infants and youngsterren, a with child(predicate) womans knowledge and actions concerning her oral health are critical to the oral health of her child or children and may be a key to puerility pit prevention.Certain oral disease, such as periodontitis or periodontal infection, gingivitis or even caries can affect and influence not only the Maternal oral health but also the oral health of her child. Targeting pregnant women to increase their oral health knowledge may improve their oral health and, thus, the oral health of their child ren. Maternal oral flora and oral health are one of the greatest predictors of childhood oral flora and oral health.1,2The interaction between oral and systemic health has long been of interest. It has been shown that pregnant womenhave a higher incidence of gingival inflammation compared to non-pregnant women2,3,4 According to literature in pregnant women the incidence of gingival inflammation observed from 36% to 100 %3,5 These vascular and Hormonal changes can lead to exagge browsed immune respone of gingival towards bacterial plaque. 6,7Good oral hygiene practices, however, can minimize gingival disease during pregnancy.2,7Two case sway studies 8,9 and cohort studies 10,11,12showed that periodontal disease could be an independent riskiness factor for pre-term birth and low birthweight after adjusting for several known risk factors. 2In fact, treatment of periodontal disease has been shown to reduce pre-term birth. 12,13Other studies have shown additional associations between pe riodontal diseaseand pregnancy, such as increased risk for development of preeclampsia during pregnancy.14The purpose of the present analyse was to appreciate the awareness regarding periodontal health among pregnant females in Bangalore. The results obtained would serve asbaseline information for planning an oral health education program aimed at improving the oralhealth of pregnant women receiving care in the hospital.Specifically, it would trace areas of deficiency in thewomens knowledge and this would be helpful informulating the capability of the oral health messages.MATERIALS AND METHODThe presentcross sectional guinea pig was conducted in the Gynaecology Department of judicature Hospital, K.R. Puram, Bangalore during June to August 2011.The minimum sample size of it wascomputed using the formula n= z2pq/d2 where p (theprevalence of women with good knowledge) was set at40%. Thus the computed minimum sample size was 271 subjects. This was increased by 10% to 300subjects t o accommodate attrition. Hence, three hundred pregnant females who visited the OPD of Gynaecology Department of Government Hospital, K.R. Puram, Bangalorewere taken instudy design using guile little random sampling. The subjects were informed around the purpose of the study and only those who gave written voluntary consent were taken into the study. Also, ethical approval was obtained from the institutional brush up board and permission from the head of Government Hospital was also obtained.The questionnaire wasdeveloped and pre-tested on 25 pregnant women toallow for refinement of the questions in order tofacilitate answering(Table 1). Questionnaires wereadministered to all respond pregnantwomen who attended the antenatal clinic during thestudy period.The questionnaire contained two segments. The first part contained inquiries on the players sociodemographic qualities, for example, age, occupation, monthly income and educational status.The second part contained fifteen question s pertaining to thespians awareness regarding knowledge of relationship between oral health and pregnancy, knowledge about oral health, knowledge about oral hygiene, dental appointment during pregnancy, advice regarding necessity of dental health in pregnancy, presence of exhaust gums and whether any of the possible actions were taken to treat or reduce the gingival problems along with their compliance for the treatment.Each question answered Yes was given a produce of 1 while for No, score 0 was given. Thus, the maximum achievablescore was 15 with a higher score indicating a high level of awareness. Individuals with lots of 11 and to a higher placewere graded as having high awareness, those having scores from 6 to 10 were having total awareness while those with scores 5 or less were having low awareness. Awareness of periodontal health, according to age and educational qualifications of the pregnant females was also considered in the study.The results obtained from the period ontal health awareness questionnaire were compiled and subjected to statistical analysis using SPSS version 19.0. Descriptive statistics were reported as well as cross-tabulations by age, parity, education and occupation. For the purpose of analysis thelevel of education was categorized as low (primaryeducation only), middle (secondary education) andtertiary (post secondary education).Inference on the cross-tabulations were performed, using chi-square tests to test for general association. A probability value of RESULTSSociodemographic features of study participantsThe mean age of our studypopulation was 24.97+4.343years (range 1835 years)with the majority of the study population in the 18-25 (59.3%) and 26-30 (33%) years gray-haired categories. Over half (53.7%) of the respondents wereprimigravida while the remaining women had between1 and 5 children. Out of the come study population, 2.3% had primaryschool education, 10.7% secondary schooleducation, 33.3% attained post secondar y educationand 53.7% attended university (Table 2). some of the study participants were unemployed(78.3%), followed by employee (21.7%) (Table 2).On theutilization of dental work, 285 (62.9%) respondentsreported ever visiting a dental facility.The mean of questions answered correct by the subject was 4.53 +1.814 with a range of 1 8.Majority, i.e. 60 per centum subjects had low awareness and only 40 percent with average awareness and 0 percent with high awareness (Table 3). The results of awareness among pregnant women came out to be statistically non significant (p value 0.05) irrespective of the age.The results of awareness among pregnant women came out to be statistically non significant (p value 0.05) irrespective of educational qualifications.DISCUSSIONIt is worth sayin that good oral health in pregnancy is very important factor, as recent trends showed that the poor oral health can lead to unfavourable pregnancy results. This is important in context of developing countri es like india, where high mortality rate present.Most of the common oral diseases present during pregnancy (i.e. periodontal disease) are preventable only by using simplest measures like regular flossing and tooth brushing.A persons knowledge, attitude and oral health would influence and generate such imperative behaviour which is the ultimate result of persons awareness.15 Thus, this study wasdesigned to provide a view of periodontal awareness among pregnant females in Bangalore.The present study showed low awareness(60%) among majority of the study population followed by average awareness among rest 40% of the participants. The results of the present study were similar to study conducted by HA Alwaeli SH Al-Jundi (2005)16who reason out that knowledge and awareness for pregnant women about their teeth and gingival condition is generally poor. Pregnant women need sinless information about their teeth and oral health. Simple educational condom programmes on oral self-care and dise ase prevention before and during pregnancy should be provided to improve oral health.Another similar kind of study was conducted by Kim A. Boggess Diana M. Urlaub, Merry-K Moos etal (2011)1and concluded that pregnant women have some oral health knowledge, which varied according to maternal race or ethnicity. Their beliefs varied according to their education levels. Including oral health education as a part of prenatal care may improve knowledge regarding the importance of oral health among compromising pregnant women, thereby, improving their oral health and that of their children.The awareness among pregnant women came out to be low below 25 years of age.The awareness among pregnant women came out to be average above 25 years of age.When the results were compared of above and below 25 years of age the awareness came out to be nonsignificant with average awareness among above 25 years of age.This study is not without limitations. Onelimitation is its reliance on self-reported data, which isoften subject to biases inherent to questions being askedsuch as recall bias. Nonetheless, the results wouldserve as a veritable tool for designing and specifyingappropriate oral health education messages forpregnant women receiving antenatal care.CONCLUSIONA majority of the pregnant women has good knowledge and information about general health however, their knowledge and awareness regarding periodontal disease, and its effect on the pregnancy and birth outcome is limited. Most pregnant women need more information about oral health, and prevention of gingival and periodontal diseases. Longitudinal studies are needed to assess the long-term effect of oral health education programs in maternalism care centers on dental health knowledge and behavior of pregnant women. Further studies are needed to determine if there is a noticeable correlation between periodontal disease and premature labor and whether periodontal therapy or prevention can reduce the risk of premature labor . Studies to assess the role of dental hygienists in designing and promoting information regarding periodontal health awareness and practices among pregnant women in maternity care centers.REFERENCESBoggess KA, Urlaub DM, Moos MK, Polinkovsky M, El-Khorazaty J, Lorenz C. Knowledge and beliefs regarding oral health among pregnant women. J Am DentAssoc. 2011142(11)1275-82.Loe H, Silness J. Periodontal disease in pregnancy. I. Prevalence and severity. Acta odontol scand. 196321533-51Jensen J, Lilijmack W, Bloomquist C. The effect of female sex hormones on subgingival plaque. J Periodontol198152 599602.Nuamah I, Annan BD. Periodontal status and oral hygiene practices of pregnant and non-pregnant women. eastern Afr Med J. 199875712-4.Ferris GM. Alteration in female sex hormones their effect on oral tissues anddental treatment. Compendium. 1993 141558-64.Zachariasen RD. The effect of elevated ovarian hormones on periodontal healthoral contraceptives and pregnancy. Women Health. 19932021- 30.Raber-Durlacher JE, van Steenbergen TJ, Van der Velden U, de Graaff J,Abraham-Inpijn L. Experimental gingivitis during pregnancy and post-partumclinical, endocrinological, and microbiological aspects. J Clin Periodontol. 199421549-58.Offenbacher S, Katz V, Fetik G, Collins J, Boyd D, Maynor G, et al. Periodontal infection as a possible risk factor for preterm low birth weight. J Periodontol 1996 67 11031113.Dasanayake A. Poor periodontal health of the pregnant woman as a risk factor for low birth weight. Ann Periodontol 1998 3 206212.Jeffcoat MK, Geurs NC, Reddy MS, Cliver SP, Goldenberg RL, Hauth JC.Periodontal infection and preterm birth results of a prospective study. J AmDent Assoc. 2001132875-80.Offenbacher S, Leiff S, Boggess KA, Murtha AP, Madianos PN, Champagne CM, etal. Maternal periodontitis and prematurity. start up 1 Obstetric outcome of prematurity and growth restriction. Ann Periodontol 2001 6 164174.Lopez NJ, metalworker P, Gutierrez J. Periodontal therapy may red uce the risk of preterm low birthweight in women with periodontal disease. J Periodontol 2002 73 911924.Jeffcoat MK, Hauth JC, Geurs NC, Reddy MS, Cliver SP, Hodgkins PM, etal. Periodontal disease and preterm birth result of a pilot intervention study. J Periodontol 200374 12141218.Boggess KA, Lieff S, Murtha AP, Moss K, Beck J, Offenbacher S. Maternalperiodontal disease is associated with an increased risk for preeclampsia. ObstetGynecol. 2003101227-31.Al Habashneh R, Guthmiller JM, Levy S, Johnson GK, Squier C, Dawson DV, FangQ. Factors related to utilization of dental services during pregnancy. J ClinPeriodontol. 200532815-21.Alwaeli HA, Al-Jundi SH. Periodontal disease awareness among pregnant womenand its relationship with socio-demographic variables. Int J Dent Hyg. 2005374-82.TABLE 1 Questionnaire used for the studyTable 2 Socio-demographic characteristics of study populationTable 3 section awareness among study population regarding periodontal health

Saturday, March 30, 2019

Discussing Unemployment In A Theoretical Perspective Economics Essay

Discussing Un usage In A Theoretical Perspective Economics seeUnemployment is phenomenon which happens when we find mass available without arrive at. It is a big favorable and economic problem which is very common nowadays in developing and actual countries Unemployment is usu wholly(a)y measured using unemployment regula come on. Unemployment in Abu Dhabi is phenomenon which has many grazes, reasons and results.Before the in dependency of the U.A.E., The delivery was under basic economic control. Fishing and little husbandry were in use as the main activities in UAE. With the breakthrough of anoint UAEs economy extended and the crude colour sphere rep resented much than 35% of UAEs GDP. In 2005, the U.A.E. unveild remainderly 2.4 million barrels per day, 85% of it was Abu Dhabis own product. The cover income permitted the government to use charitably on infrastructure, education, and job creation. The ascending of oil prices in the 1970s provided the Gulf Coopera tion Council (GCC) countries with the financial funds which made enormous economic development programs that required invasion of non- study ram available. tho, the slump in oil prices in the mid 1980s and the inhabitants expansion made unemployment an resign in GCC countries. This project assesses unemployment in the UAE and measures the unemployment rate in Abu Dhabi the capital of the united Arab Emirates.As for the beginning, Unemployment is the incapability for workers who want to find profitable employment. The extent of unemployment in a nation is an indicator of the economic strength of that country. Many causes sack shunly affect the unemployment rate counting corporate downsizing, mergers, implementation of mechanisation technologies, and job outsourcing to other nations.UAE unemployment generallyUnemployment in the UAE is seen one of the startest in the world (Kawach 2002). It was initiated to be 2.4 percent by the end of 2001, where the estimated motor big bus inessman back was around 2.1 million and 2.0 million were busy. Due to the increase in universe of discourse and the expansion in the moment of theme graduates from universities and higher education schools, unemployment on with nationals turned into a sensitive problem in latest eld.Unemployment in the UAE has severe harmful effects on the rescript and the economy as well. The government ordain be under political displume. It will spend more on social repayments. The economy will be shivering and wealth misallocated. As a result, the government set a red-hot fag out policy to situate nationals in civic and private variableness jobs, which were up until that fourth dimension overflowing by non-Emiraties. This policy alerted on a fussy due southtor, such as finance, in target to accomplish an commit of 30 percent nationalization. According to the Ministry of Planning, the number of operative nationals did non slip by 9 percent of the core project effectiveness i n 2003. This shows the deprivation of the proper credentials of nationals to compete diligence market requirements. In come out to defeat this geomorphological crisis in the 2 jab market, the government communicate the educational foundations to put up the shutters of the breach amidst academic serial and promote market through convenient and specialized schooling. Unemployment in UAE is unyielding in the middle of youth, where more than 50 percent of whole unemployment is involving those with an intercessor train of education and low aim of expertise.UnemploymentLabor ForceWe should cope which muckle wants job and which dont in order to evaluate the scope of the unemployment problem. A lot of mass dont have a job solely batch such as those atomic number 18 non take time off of our problem. Students which study in full-time bases atomic number 18 not among the press force which is defined as People between 16-65 who argon existingly working plus all those who arnt working but actively looking for a job. For example, old people who live through their retirement ar not considered as eccentric of a labor force. Moreover, prisoners who condemned in jail atomic number 18 not among the labor force. Housewives are not a part of the labor force merely if they seek a job. Nevertheless, children under the age of 16 who are actually concerned about their play station are excessively not considered as parts of the labor force. So, actually labor force is about people who look for a paid job outside their houses which similarly means that people working voluntarily are not considered as part in the labor force.In the other hand, people who are neither employed nor actively looking for a job are called nonparticipants. In labor force we count both the employed and va squeeze outt people who seek jobs.LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION RATEThe sum of the total of no institutionalized and citizen population over 16 years old, we count them citizen l abor force.The labor force union rate is fundamentally equal to the ratio of citizen labor force to the total of no institutionalized citizen population over 16 years old. To estimate the labor force participation rate we employ the selective information that obtained a desire with other labor force data from the monthly current population suss out conducted by the Bureau of the Census for the Bureau of labor statistics.Labor forceparticipation rate=civilianlabor forcetotal no institutionalizedcivilian populationLabor force growthFigure P1.a (NOT real just assumption to make it easier to be understood for a reader)Since the labor force continues to grow each year and the population increases with continuing immigration as well, this will expand the production possibilities which cause us to produce more job va supportcies in every year. That is such a sturdy modernistics because then we will have to produce almost millions of jobs more every year to close up the gap. Once the economy finds itself unable to provide jobs to the increasing population UNEMPLOYMENT will be faced as a serious issue. UNEMPLOYMENT has several definitions one of these definitions is the people who are inquiring for a job and cant find it through a small sum of time. Unemployment can be weighed up through dissimilar ways. ane of them is taking in thought the amount of people who are employed and those who are fired.(http//en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Macroeconomics/Definitions_of_Unemployment)Measuring Unemployment.Measuring Unemployment is one of steps which help us to study, analyze, evaluate and put solutions for this occur, economics are the most people who concenter on the unemployment rate. A main reason for this occurs is the normal increase in the number of people employed due to population and labor force increasing. Statistics of the unemployment serve many different purposes, we need slightly tuition which infixed to macroeconomic and human resources development planni ng and policy formulation , this information like measures of labor supply, the structure of employment and the extent to which available labor is actually utilized.Data Sources of Measuring Unemployment Administrative RecordsStatistics of unemployment can be submerse from administration records , in this way we can registration data which derived from records are based on complete counts, so they will not stirred by sampling errors , in addition they are cheap to obtain. solely also this way is expressage because it only cover small part of the population which uses employment exchanges or is qualified for unemployment insurance benefits.2. Household SurveysIn this source statistics of unemployment can also be obtained from household or labor force surveys, this survey composed type of household and asking people of working age about their employment activities and also about availableness for work by using standard questionnaire. This way also was limited because it depends on ly on nature replies of people in the household survey , so it will contains many different kind of errors .Reasons of unemployment.Discouraged workersIn economics, a discouraged worker is someone between 16 and 65 years old who is not keenly looking for employment. This usually happens because the psyche has given up curious or has had no accomplishment in finding a job, which is why he is called discouraged. His belief may be obtained from a mixture of factors counting a lack of jobs in their force field or line of work apparent discrimination for reasons, for example, age, race, sex and pietism a lack of required skills, training, or experience or a disability.Discouraged workers, who are categorized as marginally attached to the labor force, on the margins of the labor force, or as part of hidden unemployment, are not regarded as to be element of the labor force and are consequently not counted in most formalized unemployment rates, which persuades the exterior and interpr etation of unemployment statistics.(http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discouraged_worker)UnderemploymentThe expression underemployment has three different separate meanings and functions. All meanings involve a evince where a person is working, unlike unemployment, where a person who is searching for work but cannot find it. All meanings involve underutilization of labor that critics presuppose weaselwords is neglected by a large amount of official (governmental agency) classifications and measurements of unemployment.Underemployment can meanThe employment of recruits with high skill levels in small wage occupations that do not require such abilities, for example a handy medical doctor who works as a taxi driver. involuntary part-time workers who would like to be working for a full time work but can only hit upon part-time occupation.Overstaffing or hidden unemployment, the practice in which businesses provide work for people who are not fully occupiedfor example, workers at present n ot being used to produce goods or services due to legal or social limitations or because the work is highly seasonal.(http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underemployment).The Human Cost of UnemploymentThe unemployment causes the human cost, and at that place are many kinds of human costs.Because we are part of this world ,we must film that there are casualties caused by unemployment and should be affected by losses.All the people going through these problems , but not all of them have a way to solve it.For the Psychological Study of psychological problems and disorders multiple passes by individuals as a result of these negative experiences and some of these psychological studies to mention talk that the psychological symptoms continue even later on the economy improves which leades for men and womens problem to start getting worse.This stigma makes them by and cautious from the society, and perhaps makes them more faded. This increases the psychiatric unit that is the beginning of a p sychological disorder at the other, and resorts of ignorance or desperation to relieve the suffering do not like initially, including drugs or alcohol. After a long period of self begins Bloom, hates itself in a way that we cannot imagine. This ball will be circulated again and will be the beginning because the hate of others and resent them .., and the worst may retaliate against them (which means that the idea moved to negative appearance or criminal etc.Moreover, the negative aspects in the behavior for the unemployment people are sleeping for a long times and they accommodate lack of sense in time or social and personal responsibly.The work make the person feel of his own personality and his impotents in the society and when he preoccupied it he feel that he lost his social life and his personality as well.Full EmploymentIt is sporty that full employment is one of our major Goals in a countrys economy. It is also logical that there is no such a thing as (zero unemployment) . That is why the term, Full Employment, is carried by other factors. In fact, There are some reasons why full employment zero unemployment. seasonal UnemploymentSeasonal unemployment is defined as unemployment resulting from a fall in aggregate charter in some economic sectors (and not the economy as a whole). It could see some economic sectors (ex. tourism as a sector, agriculture, or fishing), periods of recession, leading to loss of personnel in these sectors to their jobs temporarily.Frictional UnemploymentIt is a maverick cessation of work due to the transition from one job to another, or pause to search for another job or to study and so on.Structural UnemploymentEconomists often use the term structural unemployment for employment problems that evolve because of a mismatch between the needs of employers and the skills and training of the labor force. For example, if melody schools were to educate many more oboe players than could get positions playing the oboe, we world power find that many of them would have to get jobs in other fields. missing training for other skilled fields, some oboe players might be unable to get any jobs at all. This would be an instance of structural unemployment.Structural unemployment raises some questions. If an oboe player were offered a job as a disk jockey, at very good pay, and refused the job because it was not the field for which he was trained, what should we make of that? Is the oboe player really unforced to work at the going wage? Or should we consider the ambitious oboe player as being out of the work force unwilling to work in the opportunities available to him?On the other hand, people with little in the way of training suffer more than bonnie unemployment in most of the industrialized countries. This suggests that structural unemployment is really quite an autho vacated problem in the industrialized countries at the end of the twentieth century. cyclic UnemploymentIt is the unemployment resulting fro m the volatility of aggregate demand in the economy, where economy is facing periods of low aggregate demand, resulting in the loss of part of the workforce functions and consequently a higher unemployment rate in the economy. But it starts to decline when demand starts to rise again overall.The natural rate of unemploymentscientists have agreed that the natural rate of unemployment or as they call IT, full employment, the rate of unemployment between 4 to 6%.UAE UnemploymentThe oil price boom of the 1970s resulted in considerable economic development programs in the UAE and a shortage of national labor who are mainly employed in the globe sector causes to dependence on foreign laborIn 1980 there were more than 80% employment in the use and all of them were non national.In 1986, the falling oil made in get together Arab Emirates to the high unemployment rate for the non national and it rise the number of the unemployment national people they search for a job.In doing look in the 2003 show that there are 2.4 per cent is prepared for total unemployment in the UAE national and non national, either at another level, the unemployment rate among the national people of the State is 10.4, its also shown The unemployment rate for women than men, where the percentage of women compared to men, 16.5 percent and accounted for 8.4The unemployment in UAE has a lot of negative effects on the society and the economyAs a result of the ill effects of unemployment in the UAE society government decided to draw up laws that employ citizens in public areas for both.Based on the lack of sufficient qualifications of national have asked the state government educational institutions n upgrading the level of education among students in order to reduce the high level of riparian StateEstimating Unemployment in Abu DhabiThe United Arab Emirates has the lowest rate of unemployment of only three percent between its citizens on the Arab words.Dr. Khalid Al Khazraji, Under-Secretary of the Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs, has said that the unemployment percent between UAE citizens go beyond three percent. On the other hand he tell that the country is almost lacks a lot of statics on the size of the unemployment between UAE citizens. This rate is basically calculated prediction on which the governments build its plans and stratagems for the employment of the UAE nationals in the public and privets sectors. However the fact remnants that the influence of the UAE citizens to the private sector still weak for many reasons, some accredited to the unwillingness of national job seekers, while others to the unwillingness of companies.Although the unemployment rate in 2004 was about 20.60%, but this percent of the unemployment doesnt affect the UAEs position.The SurveyHere is a simple survey abbreviation which is used to guess the unemployment rate in Abu Dhabi. And the questionnaire is promoted to cover the geographical area of Abu Dhabi.Actually the survey obtains t he needed information on age, sex, level of education, family size, employed and unemployed members of the family, and why they are not employed, duration of unemployment, and types of jobs preferred.However the survey has been conducted by many ways such as billet distribution, phone cells, and personal interview on 500 families And the face reasonableness of government officials from the Ministry of Labor.The sample we selected it was depend on Cranachs Coefficient Alpha(0.83), the degree of confidence of the sample survey is tested using t- statics which are averaged 2 at 0.05 level of confidence. For the other statistical displays were measured such as frequency, mathematical average, and percentages.Results and abbreviationThe results that are calculated from the returned survey are presented in Table 2. The unemployment rate along with nationals in Abu Dhabi was found to be 16 percent, and that is superior to the official approximations of 10.4 percent and 6.5 percent for t he UAE and Abu Dhabi in that order. This is because rather to the tiny trial size, and can be also clarified by the diverse schemes used for assessment, and the truthfulness that many families who have members that are at working age were barred from the labor force because they were not actually looking for jobs or were everlasting economically by social aid from the government or from perfect(prenominal) families. As anticipated, the result shows a high percentage of nationals that favor working at public sector managerial jobs, and this will enlarge the unemployment rates. The analysis proposes that unemployment rate is tend to boost for many explanations, such as the amplified number of graduates, the quality of education which market demand does not meet with, and the work surroundings at the private sector with value to working hours and close performance dimensions which does locals are not attracted to. Finally, nationals still do not accept certain jobs because of socie ty or that the jobs are not socially tempting. deathThe examination recommends improving the educational and training system to fit labor market requirements. It is also suggested to produce more exact and modernized data on the labor market including (job seekers, employers, and job opportunities), and for more information to be provided and an educational campaign to be carried out to change the approach of the UAE issue people in the direction of working at the private sector. pull ahead research is needed to revise the impact of unemployment on UAE economy, women contribution in the labor force and recognizing jobs favored by them, and measuring nationals efficiency burthen against to that of the expatriates, and finally restudying the labor law and rules in light of globalization and new scientific expansions.ResourcesKqwach Nadim (Dec. 8, 2002), UAE Unemployment one of the lowest UAE Economic,Abu Dhabi.MENA Development report (2004), Unlocking the Employment potential drop in the Middle Eastand North Africa. Toward a Social Contract. The humankind Bank, Washington,D.C.UAE Ministry of Planning 2004, UAE, Abu Dhabi.Muwia E. Ilbrahim, (Jan. 22.2004), Unemployment Spirals among UAE Nationals, Khaleej Times Online.http//www.tradingeconomics.com/Economics/Unemployment-rate.aspx?symbol=AEDhttp//www.ipsnotizie.it/wam_en/news.php?idnews=1486http//emirateseconomist.blogspot.com/2007/03/unemployment-in-uae.htmlhttp//lmi.state.oh.us/laus/laus.htmlhttp//www.bls.gov/cps/http//www.bls.gov/news.release/empsit.nr0.htmhttp//www.legco.gov.hk/yr98-99/english/sec/library/989rp05.pdfhttp//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unemploymenthttp//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structural_unemploymenthttp//1426.blogspot.com/2009_04_19_archive.htmlhttp//www.ctcdubai.org/images/Charts/infl_n_unempl.gifhttp//www.wisegeek.com/what-is-seasonal-unemployment.htmhttp//www.ikhwanonline.com/Article.asp?ArtID=326SecID=391http//www.ikhwanonline.com/Article.asp?ArtID=326SecID=391

Friday, March 29, 2019

Chylothorax and Superior Vena Cava Syndrome Case Study

Chylothorax and Superior Vena Cava Syndrome Case turn overTitle Chylothorax and Superior Vena Cava Syndrome as the Initial Presentation of Non keen Cell Lung Cancer, which was Successfully Resolved by Systemic ChemotherapyWe define a crusade makeup of 35 year old male endueed with curtness of breath, dyspnea, heaviness of left(a) government agency w exclusively, engorgement of vein in left gradient chest hem in and upper left deal, swelling in left align of the neck, chest pain and cough. At the clock of admission, an abnormal sharpshoot opacity presented in left upper lung lobe and histology shows non- ex boothent cell carcinoma with superior venous blood watercraft cava syndrome was diagnosed. MSCT scan report heterogeneous enhancing large soft tissue parsimony mass lesion of size approximately 96 100 mm seen in left upper lobe extending in to whole mediastinum encasing all major watercraft including arch of aorta, descending aorta, trachea, esophagus, pulmonary t runk,M PA and all major neck vessels origin. Lesion create significant luminal narrowing of left main bronchus. Lesion make obliteration of left brachio-cephalic.Left moderate pleural effusion seen. Heterogeneous cut adjust lung field is seen due to mosaic perfusion. Left sided thoracocentesis through milky discolor swimming drained from pleural pit. Ultrasonography channelize FNAC left lung do is suggestive of non-small cell carcinoma. Superior vein cava syndrome associated with lung carcinoma with monolithic chylothorax. Patient have cisplatin and gemcitabine chemotherapy. After chemotherapy interpreted chylothorax resolution well-nigh completely. observe words Lung genus Cancer squamous cell carcinoma chylothorax superior vena cava syndromeINTRODUCTIONLung cancer in India commonly accounts 80-85% of non-small cell carcinoma. In Acharya tulsi regional cancer handling and research institute Bikaner hospital squamous cell carcinoma interpretation for 15% of all ends o f NSCLC according to registry. In advanced lung cancer chemotherapy play main subprogram in quality of life and survival. Chylothorax initial symptom of NSCLC is rargon only when pleural effusion is commonly seen. Chylothorax is mostly seen after complication of lung surgery. just now in this causa chylothorax is initial presentation with NSCLC with SVC. Incidence of chylothorax is .3-2.4%.3-5. Few report of this disorder in current year2. We report this case of NSCLC with initial coming into court with SVC and chylothorax which resolvingd well-nigh entirely with chemotherapyCASE REPORTA case report of 35 year old male presented with shortness of breath, dyspnea, heaviness of left chest wall, engorgement of vein in left side chest wall and upper left neck, swelling in left side of the neck, chest pain and cough. He is heavy smoker for 13 year and also chronic alcohol drinker. Patient vital signs at the time of admission pulse rate is 88 per minute, respiratory rate is 26 per mi nute, BP is 128/84 and temperature in normal limit. On auscultation breathe sound lessen in left side of chest. At the time of admission, an abnormal expound opacity presented in left upper lung lobe and histology shows non-small cell carcinoma with superior vena cava syndrome was diagnosed. MSCT scan report heterogeneous enhancing large soft tissue tightness mass lesion of size approximately 96 100 mm seen in left upper lobe extending in to whole mediastinum encasing all major vessel including arch of aorta,descending aorta, trachea, esophagus, pulmonary trunk,M PA and all major neck vessels origin. Lesion causing significant luminal narrowing of left main bronchus. Lesion causing obliteration of left brachio-cephalic.Left moderate pleural effusion seen.Heterogeneous attenuated right lung field is seen due to mosaic perfusion. Multiple para-esophageal,perigastric, supra-clavicular,superior mediastinum, pre, paratracheal, subcarinal AP window lymphadenopathy argon seen,larger qua ntity approx. 18 mm size. Left sided thoracocentesis through milky white eloquent drained from pleural perdition. Ultrasonography guided FNAC left lung done is suggestive of non-small cell carcinoma. Superior vena cava syndrome associated with lung carcinoma with massive chylothorax. Patient received cisplatin and paclitaxil chemotherapy. cisplatin given D1 and D2 schedule. After deuce circle chemotherapy taken chylothorax resolve almost completely.Laboratory investigation shows serum creatinine e 1.1 mg /dl, albumin 3.2 mg/dl, append cholesterol 193 mg/dl, serum triglyceride, 93 mg/dl, LDH is 425 IU/l. thoracocentesis done and 2000 ml milky white coloured swimming drained. Milky fluid biochemistry done and shows triglyceride, 867 mg/dl lactate dehydrogenase, 332 IU/l and carcinoembryonic antigen, 6.16 ng/ml.The cytological analysis of fluid revealed no malignant cells. Intercostal tube inserted and fluid is drained and symptom is improved. The clinical stage was T3N2aM0 stage IIIb. Therefore, SCC of the lung complicated by chylothorax and SVCS was diagnosed. . Chemotherapy with paclitaxel (175 mg/m2) and cisplatin (75 mg/m2) was administered on days 1, and cisplatin give in ii days in divided dose respectively of six cycle repeat 21-day. The dyspnea and shortness of breath improved after twain cycle of chemotherapy and amount of milky fluid drained is gradually tapered in intercostal tube after chemotherapy given. After five cycles chemotherapy unhurried symptoms improved and neck swelling is disappear and intercostal drained is 230 ml/day so intercostal tube come out and stay one cycles is given. After 6 cycle complete again CECT chest revealed tumor size significantly decreases and also pleural fluid almost disappear but superior vena cava symptoms is minimally improved . accordingly subsequently, the patient put another chemotherapy with gemcitabine and carboplatin, and light beam is given to chest wall 30 gy 300cGy per fraction total 10 fracti on in 2 weeks, but the tumor eventually progressed.DiscussionThe relationship between lung cancer and chylothorax may occur after compression of tumor to thoracic channel so increase pressure to duct and ruptured 6. Secondly in obstructor in superior vena cava so venous pressure is change magnitude significantly so leakage of chyle from thoracic duct to pleural cavity 7-9. Another Couse of chylothorax is side effect of radiotherapy because after radiotherapy fibrosis is on that point and diminishing of lymph circulation 10-13. This complication of radiation treatment is also observed in many disease like Hodgkin lymphoma (mantle field technique), squamous cell carcinoma in esophagus, teat carcinoma and also lung carcinoma 10,11, 12, 13, . With out lung surgery chylothorax is rare but this case present chylothorax without surgery. In current year 3 case reported with non small cell carcinoma2,10,14-16.table 1 shows patient have chylothorax with clinical manifestation and resolve after management. In this table include our case report.The three case report series have 2 male and one female and median age af all three case was 47 yrs. entirely case non small cell carcinoma sub group is squamous cell carcinoma. Dahlbalk et al.17 shows squamous cell carcinoma of lung cancer present with thorasic duct fluid in pleural cavity and nodular depositation. All case presented with right side lung carcinoma. Pleural fluid cytology present wih malignant cell. Main dominant feature in case is chylothorax and its present in chiefly right pleural space.Treatment of chylothorax is mainly frequently repeated aspiration of pleural fluid, low fatty diet, intercostal tube drainage, and pleurodesis with chemical substance. 6,18 surgical management of chylothorax is thorasic duct ligation and pieuroperitonial shunt are mainly used in when milky coulred fluid is more than 550 ml or more then continues 14 days. In Dahlbalk et al contain mainly two case successfully treated wi th chemical pleurodesis. hotshot patient any intervention not done because general ensure is very poor give only paliiative treatment. If chylothorax associated with cloot in brachiocephalic vein or subclavian and jugular vein is treated with anticoagulant therapy. Beghetti et al8. studied resistive case of chylothorax associated with superior vena cava syndrome manage with chemotherapy. Our case usual taken four cycle chemotherapy and mostly resoved chylothorax . Thrombus in superior vena cava are correct with treatment of underlying couse. Symptoms of superior vena cava syndrome is extremlly improved with two cycle chemotherapy. It is revealing of a promising response to chemotherapyTable 1 three patients of non-small cell lung cancer presented with ChylothoraxAbbreviationsSCC=squamous cell carcinoma RML=right middle lung RT= radiotherapy C/T=chemotherapy NA=not available

A Report On Pride And Prejudice English Language Essay

A Report On Pride And Prejudice slope Language EssayBy comparing and noneing the wedding aims of Mr collins and Mr. Darcy, examine the attitudes to marriage explored by Jane Austen in Pride and Prejudice. You shouldConsider Jane Austens commit of languageConsider social and historical contextsComment on some(prenominal) moral dimensions explored in the textDiscuss key geniussComment on central themes and ideasDuring the 18th and nineteenth century marriage is a enounce to which e rattling lady was expected to aspire it is a truth universally ack nowadaysledged, that a single man in possession of a healthy fortune, must be in want of a wife. The first-class honours degree objurgate of the novel introduces cardinal of the most eventful aspects of life at the while marriage and wealth. During the judgment of conviction of Jane Austen, marriage was about m iodiney, power and shape upance. These comp hotshotnts were essential for what would be deemed, a devout marriage. Marriage was for reasons of increasing the couples, and their families social and fiscal ranking. The inception sentence does not provoke any images of love simply besides to have security of marriage which aids both families both socially and for wealth purposes.Mr. collins proposal of marriage to Elizabeth is strange to say the least. Not tho is it prepare that he has his proposal speech ready made, he refuses to calculate no for an answer. He has even prepared a rejection speech to take heed and win her back. We can relate to Elizabeth from the beginning of the book, her rational thinking it what she whitethorn consider her greatest trait. She is described as having something of deftness than her sisters which is completely true. This facility is shown when she argues back to Mr Collins, and later in the novel, mortal of far higher ranking which was socially un listend of.Mr. Collins proposal is humorous in the sense that he disentanglely does not know Elizabeth and he r personality. Jane Austen use of irony appears often in Chapter 19 as she mocks him in a kind nature without contemptuous him too greatly. Mr. Collins is formal in his proposal and having no sensation of diffidence he is sure that he will not be ref apply. His proposal is structured ilk a speech or a sermon in his case, and amuses us as the reader and Elizabeth herself as she finds it serious not to laugh. The use of rhetorical devices such(prenominal) as numbering his points and punctuating his proposal with terms like thus adds to the hilarity of it. Mr. Collins tries to flatter her by talking of her perfections, a use of hyperbole. He also describes her as a natural delicacy. Mr. Collins tells Elizabeth that he has been told Mr Collins, you must join by his patroness, bird Catherine de Bourgh. noblewoman Catherine believes he owes it to himself and to all his family to adopt Elizabeth.Mr Collins talks of the death of Elizabeths father, Mr. Bennet. An odd topic to bring up when proposing to a lady. Elizabeth rejects his efforts but he rapidly continues as if he will not leave until hear enamours the yes that he wants to hear. Elizabeth argues back because he is not accepting the fact that he has been refused. Again he has a counter argument for her rejection it does not appear to me that my hand is unworthy your acceptance. Elizabeth starts to be rude to him to see if that will work. He insults her and her family by reminding her that she is not pissed your portion is unhappily so puny that it will in all likelihood undo the effects of your lovingness, he also says that it is by no means legitimate that another disco biscuit of marriage whitethorn ever be made you. Mr. Collins is trenchant enough to actuallyise that the Bennet sisters have shortsighted chance in the unforgiving marriage market of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.Mr. Collins makes it chiseled that as far as he is concerned, respectability is the most important attribut e in a wife he values this more(prenominal) highly than wealth or beauty. This is a sensible decision out-of-pocket to his profession a clergyman must be respected so he requires a respectable wife. Despite his proposal seeming decidedly passionless and quite cold hearted it develops to become rude when he is refused but at the same time , amusing because of Mr. Collins being such a foolish man. Like Mrs. Bennet, Mr Collins is in the novel for idiotic value.Mr. Collins gives a series of practical and completely un amorous reasons to link Elizabeth. During the time that Jane Austen wrote this novel, marriage was often arranged for practical reasons and Jane Austen includes in her novels situations that may occur in everyday life, she did not write about magic trick worlds. Jane Austen was a realist author. Jane Austen is extremely hard-hitting in conveying how Elizabeth deals with this proposal as Jane Austen was said to have based her novel on close observances of real people and situations similar to the ones described in the book. She was familiar with these situations.Mr. Collins feels he should marry one of his cousins, because if he doesnt they will be left unsettled and penniless on the death of their father. He feels it is morally important to marry one of them. When Elizabeth hears of Charlottes engagement to Mr. Collins she is rather disparaging of their engagement. This shows that patronage Elizabeths quickness of mind and intelligence, she may be being too idealistic. We sympathise with Charlottes typeset because she has taken an informed pragmatic decision and has accepted Mr. Collins unfold of marriage. She has agreed to marry him for the pure and disinterested desire of an establishment. This is a normal marriage because it is based on the shows of practicality. This marriage is not romantic or fuelled by love, most marriages of the upper class were just like this during the eighteenth century and may be the reason many gentlemen of t he time had mistresses. Due to the fact that they were highly ranking members of society, their study remained intact despite having two women in the house.Mr. Darcys first proposal to Elizabeth is a huge contrast to Mr. Collins. Darcy speaks with emotive language telling Elizabeth how his feeling cannot be repressed and that he ardently admires and loves her, despite her background. The adverb ardently suggests he passionately loves her. Elizabeths astonishment was beyond expression this is a perfect example of Jane Austens economy of expression screening Elizabeths surprise. Despite telling her that he loves her, it is almost ruined by his first comment which tells us that in vain have I struggled. heart and soul that he has struggled not to love her but he cant helper it. Elizabeth blushes as she could not be insensible to the compliment of such a mans adherence. Her feelings towards Darcy are conflicted, which shows an early sign of possible love, she may be attracted to hi m without knowing it but she quickly looses all compassion in anger. She was not uncivilized with Mr. Collins proposal, she just form it amusing but Darcys proposal is different. Mr. Darcy is oer confident that she Elizabeth will love and accept him immediately. Elements of pride are found in this section of the novel. Mr. Darcy is one of the proudest characters in the novel. He is extremely wealthy and his manners are exemplary but there is a certain air about him that makes him seem snobby and this makes him slightly unlikeable. He creates a composition for himself, when at the ball, he considers himself far too good to bound with any of the local girls. He knows his social position and superiority. By doing this he has insulted the entire neighbourhood and Elizabeth takes the insult very personally because she overhears him saying that she is not beautiful enough for him. Though she is not as pretty as her sister Jane, she is still pretty by the neighbourhoods standards. So in demo his self-pride he has damaged Elizabeths and she tries hard not to show it.Mr. Darcys proposal is similar to Mr. Collins due to the fact that he suggests to Elizabeth that she is less in rank than himself and that marrying her is a degradation. It was socially daring at the time for somebody of such a high social rank to marry to a lower place themselves despite Elizabeth being a gentlemens daughter.Elizabeth eloquently expressing her feelings towards the unexpected proposal and refuses his outstrip efforts of securing an engagement. Darcy is a man who is not used to denial of something so he is shocked at her refusal. There is narrative tension as we carry for a reply from Darcy. They have an argument and Darcy storms out after auditory sense enough of Elizabeths clever and well thought through replies. Elizabeth cries for half an moment as she goes over what had happened in her head. Jane Austen use of exclamation marks epitomises the agitate state of mind of Elizabe th. Jane Austens use of free indirect speech is stiff in conveying characters thoughts to us as the reader and is necessary in Chapter 11 (Volume 2). it is neccesary to us during this chapter because it tells us what thoughts are conflicting Elizabeth. It is the most effective way to convey he thought processes.Lydia Bennets elopement was seen by society very badly. She was not yet a lady and after she eloped with Wickham she had very little chance as being viewed as a lady in the future. Lydia running off and living with Wickham without the benefit of marriage had ruined her spirit and damaged the report card of her entire family. She would be considered a loose woman, and no man of a good family would ever consider marrying her. Wickham certainly had no intentions of marrying her. This is what provoked the letter from Mr. Collins telling Mr. Bennet of his opinion on Lydias elopement, societies view and doll Catherines view. Wickham took Lydia away with him to Scot estate becau se he could and Lydia had fallen desperately in love with him. He was self-indulgent and would never deny himself any pleasure in his power. He knew that Lydia would be good company because he could easy persuade her to sleep with him. Lydia was very attracted to Wickham, he should have known purify and had the self control and decency not to allow her to have sex with him.Mr. Collins tone in his letter is a very serious one telling Mr. Bennet that it is his last chance to preserve his families reputation. He is word of advice that Lydia is compromising the other Bennet girls chances, and that he should throw off his affection for her and leave her to reap the fruits of her own heinous offence. This is a very inexorable action to take. Mr. Collins is telling Mr. Bennet that if he wants to keep his reputation intact, he must stop loving his daughter. This view that Mr Collins has, reflects the views that eighteenth century society would have had.The Bennets do not have a ready su pply of money, they are relatively rich in land and assets but not in money so Wickham has no intentions of marrying Lydia. Therefore, Darcy salaried Wickham to marry Lydia. Mr. Darcy arranging for Wickham to marry Lydia preserved not only her reputation but also her sisters reputations. He removed the disgrace from the Bennet name.In Volume 3 Chapter 14, Elizabeth realises she was wrong in her judgement of Mr. Darcy. She travelles to Pemberley to rescue her sisters reputation and speak with Mr Darcy. She is confronted by gentlewoman Catherine who tells of Mr Darcys supposed engagement to her daughter. Lady Catherine de Bourgh makes clear her opinion on Elizabeth marrying Darcy and warns her off. She sees the marriage between Elizabeth and Darcy as socially droll as it is the joining of two people from different social classes and financial background. Lady Catherine is displeased to say the least that her nephew Mr. Darcy is not intending on marrying Lady Catherines daughter. If Darcy and Lady Catherines daughter did marry, then two very large fortunes would be joined, increasing the financial status of both families. But there is one person getting in the way of Lady Catherines ideal marriage, and that is Elizabeth. Lady Catherine makes very clear she wants Darcy to marry her daughter. I believe Mr. Darcy is unwilling to marry Miss de Bourgh as he is in love with Elizabeth.Elizabeth dares to stand her ground in her argument with Lady Catherine. Once again Lady Catherine gives a threat I am not to be trifled with. Elizabeth stands up to the snobbishness of Lady Catherine. As Elizabeth is a match for her, she resorts to insults by saying Elizabeth is a women of inferior birth, of no importance in the world. Lady Catherine is part of a slowly diminishing generation in which old opinions were dying with the generation. Lady Catherines views on marriage were traditional and society was changing.Despite the attempts, warnings and insults of Lady Catherine, Eli zabeth and Mr. Darcy get engaged in Volume 3 Chapter 16. Their engagement has been long pass judgment by the reader and it finally comes at the end to finish with a quick ending just like Jane Austens other novels. Darcy refers to Elizabeth as dearest, loveliest Elizabeth. Jane Austen makes clear that Elizabeth Bennet and Mr. Darcy are the perfect love match. This is affectionate language used by Mr. Darcy.There are many different attitudes towards marriage evince in Jane Austens Pride and Prejudice. Mr. Collins and Charlotte could be seen as a good couple, despite the lack of love, as they both have the belief that marriage is for practical reasons. Lady Catherine believes marriage is for wealth and power and Elizabeth got her wish of marrying someone who is deeply in love with her. Elizabeths marriage to Darcy was to set a sheer over the next centuries, more people married for love and now in the 21st century nothings changed. Jane Austens clever novel still has readers grippe d two centuries since it was written.The marriage we hear about which isnt entirely based on this linguistic rule is the joining of Elizabeth Bennet and Mr Darcy. Elizabeth goes through most of the novel disliking Mr. Darcy but this is mainly as she has not seen his full character and this is odd for Elizabeth as she is ordinarily good with judging character. She likes to watch people and how they behave. Elizabeth learns that she has been mislead by Darcys character and had she known the truth, she would love him just as he loves her. Darcy leaves the countryside only to growth to a different Elizabeth. They work out their misunderstandings and agree to marry.NotesAll this is after Mr. Collins prepared proposal to Elizabeth in chapter 19 where she declines his proposal. Charlotte Lucas who is Elizabeths best patron agrees to marry him as she fears she may not get another offer. Elizabeth frame close friends with her, despite the fact that she is married to the awful Mr. Colli ns. Charlotte is relatively happy as she has security financially and socially as Mr. Collins is a pastor. He is high in social rank but not as high as Mr. Bennet or Lady Catherine De Bourgh who is his patroness.

Thursday, March 28, 2019

We Must Protect and Conserve Wildlife Essay -- Wildlife Preservation

Wildlife deliverance may be an important contri hardlyion to our animals lives, but what if these animals lives would be getting in the way of our rescue gaining money. Why do we have to risk the lives of these innocent animals? I chose this emergence on wildlife preservation because I feel that we humans who have voices withdraw to speak up and do so. Ive watched animal television documentaries of mixed-up animals having nowhere to go because of everything we decide to cut down. Yes, it may be adjust that we affect to use our natural resources to survive but why not get more involved with recycling and other substitutes? These wildlife preservation need to stay gum elastic so these animals can help our environment natur all toldy. second preservation are a protected area while the capture of certain species of animals isnt allowed. This allows species to be exploited in a expectant landscape without having to worry about hunters doing what they love to do, carry off anima ls. The first wildlife mental home was created by President Theodore Roosevelt in 1903. (Freedman 1) National wildlife refuges in 1988 closely set hunting were permitted in 60% of the refuges. (Freedman 1) Why make a safe home for animals but still allow hunting to take adorn? The refuges are made for animals to be away from hunters and people, who are trying to kill them, why spend all the money to allow the purpose to be over looked? We spend thousands of thousands to buy the property and it seems like it just all goes to waste. Yellow Stone Park seems to be the only wildlife preservation that genuinely uses it to keep the animals safe. This is one of the most famous protected areas in trades union America, thankfully hunting is not allowed. This has allowed the build-up of relatively large populat... ...s&version=1.0.4.Plessis, Jens du. Controlled hunt down Will Help Preserve Africas Wildlife. debate Viewpoints Africa. Ed. Laura K. Egendorf. San Diego Greenhaven Press, 20 05. Opposing Viewpoints Resource Center. Gale. Niagara locomote High School. 10 May. 2010 .5.Hal Herring. Hunting Makes Significant Contributions to Wildlife Protections. Opposing Viewpoints Hunting. Ed. Dawn Laney. Detroit Greenhaven Press, 2008. Opposing Viewpoints Resource Center. Gale. Niagara Falls High School. 10 May. 2010 .

Database Management Essay -- Technology, Computer Softwares, Data

What is a entropybase management organisation? controvert each of the five important softw are components of a database management system. info Base Managements System (database management system) is a computer software program installed on a system hard drive that catalog, retrieve, and run queries on data. It provides ways for data to be altered or removed by users or other programs. in that location are several different types of database management systems that represent that were created for the proper control of databases for specific purposes. The five software components of a database managements system are DBMS engine, data definition subsystem, data manipulation subsystem, applications propagation subsystem, and data administration subsystem (Cummings, 2010). informationbase management systems engine is the central component of the DBMS it stores and retrieves data it accepts logical request from multiple other subsystems and transform them into its forcible equivalent. The DBMS engine collects logical requests for data users and issues physical input/ rig requests to the computer operating system. The data requested is gathered from physical memory and while the data remains in memory, it is managed by the DBMS engine. Data definition subsystems create and maintain data dictionary. Define structure of the files deep take the Data Base. Its logical structure must be defined prior to entering information and any time information is entered or deleted the data definition subsystem must be used. Field name, type, form, default value, validation rule, is an launching required, and dirty dog there be duplicates are examples of logical properties (Cummings, 2010). Data utilization Subsystem is used to add, change and delete information in a database. There is software in the ... ... performance products. Some examples is nanotube which is have been added to the frames of lawn tennis racquets and gulf clubs. Nanotubes are some of th e toughest materials known to exist to man. Since these tubes are microscopic, millions can be added to the tennis racquet to make it strong in assemble to give tennis players more control and power. Medicine is another reach in which nanotechnology transforming. With the medical field dealing with things on the smallest level, the small nano ruses are being developed to enter the body. An example is Nano robot which is a computer-controlled robotic device used to treat and eradicate diseases. Nanotechnology differ from traditionalistic manufacturing in which traditional manufacture take a large item and break it down to its smallest form, nanotechnology starts at the smallest form and build up (Cummings, 2010).

Wednesday, March 27, 2019

Motif of Play in John Updikes A&P Essay -- John Updike A&P

The Motif of Play in A & P In the short story A & P the author, John Updike, uses the subject of play as one of the main means by which he develops the character of Sammy, the nineteen-year-old narrator and protagonist of the story. In his many and varied references to play, Sammy reveals, along with his obvious immaturity, his rich imagination and potential for possible growth. The story takes patch in the summertime of 1960 on a Thursday afternoon. Sammy is employed at the A & P grocery store located in the snapper of a town north of Boston, about five miles from the beach. Along with Sammy, the opposite characters involved in this story are three girls shopping in the A & P in their bathing suits, whom Sammy names Plaid, Queenie and Big rangy Goony-Goony Stokesie, Sammys married co-worker and Lengel, the A & P manager. A & P is told from Sammys destine of view. Sammy presents himself as a nonchalant and flippant young man. He appears to be somewhat contemptuous of the ol der people shopping in the store. However, intimately the end of the story, we see that he does take responsibility for his conscience-driven behavior and decision, show his passage out of adolescence into maturity date through the courage of his convictions. We see Sammys immaturity at its worst with his snide labeling of the customers in the A & P. An example of this occurs when he calls one lady a witch about fifty with paint on her cheekbones and no eyebrows (p.33). Sammy bulge outs the blame on her for his mistake at the funds register. He claims she would have been burned at the stake in capital of Oregon if she had been alive then. In a nonher instance, he refers to the housewives shopping as houseslaves in pin curlers (p.34). He seems to be fo... ...gives him some insight into his future. As he is walking away from the A & P he sees Lengel in his place in the slot, checking the sheep through. His face was dark gray and his back stiff, as if hed comely had an injecti on of iron, and my stomach kind of fell as I matt-up how hard the world was going to be to me hereafter (p.37). Sammy begins his transition from adolescence into adulthood here. He realizes that if he stays at the A & P he may end up like Lengel or the other sheep. He wants more out of life and his fantasy about being Queenies unsuspected hero (p.36) allows him to escape. Sammy comes to the conclusion that life is not going to be faint and he is going to make decisions for himself that the people around him will not necessarily support. Work Cited Updike, John. A & P. Literature (4th ed). Ed. Robert DiYanni. New York McGraw-Hill, 1998.