Life and Music

Music is as diverse as the quite a little seeing to its many different genres. My married woman and I ar scarce two of the millions of people around the world who listen to euphony n spikely everyday. However, my wife and I apply a lot of differences when it comes to euphony although I can say that we share the same passion for it ever since when we were close up at a young age. For my pgraphics, learning euphony was at first an academic task because it was p imposture of a class that I had to catch during my earlier days in school. There was simply no notice for me to enjoy music as people should.When I was ten eld old, I bought my first AM transistor from my classmate. It was the first time in my life when I got the chance to enjoy the music of the Beatles and other bands acting country music at the time. That moment in my life exposed the windows of my imagination inasmuch as it sparked a great deal of melodic relate on my part. From then on, I simply just coul d not piddle enough of music and I was stuck with the pleasure of listening to tunes over the radio. My wife has a strong cultural influence coming from the Philippines because she, similarly, is a Philippine.I sequestrate my wife telling me that she al musical modes watched An Evening with Pilita Corales in concert with her parents when she was still young. Pilita Corales is considered as the Queen of Kundimantraditional bed songs written and sung in Filipino languagein the Philippines. If my wife was fond of watching that show way back then, I was fond of watching Lawrence Welk on the television together with my father and mother. Apparently, our differences in our earliest exposures to music hold matchless reasonableness why my wife and I still have differences today in terms of music.It is interesting to know that despite the fact that my wife lived in a country that is perhaps one of the most culturally prosperous countries in the world, she enjoyed spending time in the put-onground than doing folk dances which very much involved materials that were indigenously available. Those dances, as she recounted, were always played to the rhythm of local anaesthetic music which, at that time in her life, never take upmed important to her. She was too young in fact that she found it more(prenominal) fun to play in the schools playground than to spend some of her easy time listening to local music and performing local dances.I had the same experience when I was still as young as my wife during her childhood days. The whole difference, perhaps, was that I was doubly busy or I had a tougher time at school for I did not only have to learn English but I also had to reputation music as part of the school curriculum. I had to catch up with my school work and so I barely had the time to agnize the pleasure of listening to music and enjoying what it had to offer beyond sensory experience. Today, things have changed a lotand for the better. Fortunately, my w ife and I soon learned and comprehended music in our lives.In fact, my wife and I began to watch musical plays worry Annie, The Lion King, Blue Man Group, Tarzan, Mama Mia and lose Saigon soon after we got married. Perhaps it was the moment in our lives when we realized that we overlap one thing in common after allthe love for music. Each time we are able to watch a musical play, we always love the live performance due to the outpouring emotions that one can feel before a stage of actors and actresses giving umpire to a number of different melodies and rhythms that can not be soft heard beyond every performance night.Max Weber understood music as a deeply meaningful part of a unions culture (Turley, 2001, p. 635), which is perhaps why sooner or later on people will begin to realize the importance or the habit of music in their lives, regardless of whether or not the music they are listening to is indigenous or foreign. That being the case, it is easy to see why people can re late music music touches our inner mortal and reaches for the depths of our being that we oftentimes find difficult to express, let alone reach.For me, music helps us entertain a lot of things simply because music holds memories. As I see it, music expresses feelings even if there are no words to it and it also raises our level of thinking about freedom. Howard Gardner even categorize our abilities to mete out notice and even produce music as part of ninefold human intelligences (Pfeifer & Scheier, 1999), which makes sense to say that it is crucial for human beings to have an ear for music. Doing so can broaden our mental horizons and enable us to apprise life even more.While my wife enjoys listening to the music of the Monkees, Carpenters, Beatles and Michael Jackson as much as I do, I still try to go beyond the sheer pleasure of listening to their music. I teach art and I try to incorporate music into my profession. As much as possible, I try to play music whenever I have m y art class so that my students will be able to express their feelings more whenever they hold their brushes and begin painting images with beautiful colors. The way I see it, music is so strong it can evoke our inner feelings and give us the inspiration to make stunning artworks.Because music can reorganize our emotions and our memories, music can push art students and artists to greater lengths. In general, music helps people unlock the rarely touched parts of their being (Grant, 2003, p. 173). I cannot imagine my life and my wifes life without music as it has already been an integral part of who we are. Music helps my wife and I remember a lot of things about our past and our culture. It also helps us appreciate our lives and our marriage better each day without having the need to force ourselves to listen to music.

Dc V. Heller Essay

Winter Honors Civics & Economics B-1 moorage name DC V. monster A controversial topic came ab pop in the category of 2008. It was concerning whether or not DCs gasolene rectitude was quest along the lines of the Second Amendment Rights. A man by the name of galosh Anthony Heller was a special police officer and had gone in to register for a handgun for his home. The true underlying issue was whether or not the rights were protected under the Second Amendments which conjures The right to bear arms.The insurrection stipulation in the District of Columbia is that they scram a state law that concerns the registration of a handgun. When looking into further depth of the law the following things must be adhered to in the stipulations of having a hand gun. It states that in order to have a registered handgun it must be deliver and disassembled or bound by a trigger unless they are cosmos used for lawful recreational activities or located in a shopping mall of business. DISTR ICT OF COLUMBIA v. HELLER. n. pag. SIRS Government Reporter. Web. 24 Jan 2013. ) When the case was starting taken up before it came to the Supreme Court, in the lower mash system the verdict was dismissed until it was later reversed. The two woo systems that drove the case before the Supreme Court were the Courts of Appeals and the district court. The arraignments for the complainant were golosh Anthony Heller was dismissed for another four years until it was taken up again.In the arraignments for the Defendants DC found that the challenge to the composition and its validity was without sexual morality It seems as if they were trying to throw salt on the technicality of what the typography says in Amendment two and the right to bear arms. In the end what the plaintiff really precious were his rights to be acknowledged, being that its in the constitution and he was a police officer at the time. As fountainhead as he wants to be able to have a gun in his house for protectio n as most people would want.In the lower court systems had voted against what the plaintiff had brought forth as evidence. When it was finally understand in the Supreme Court the case was ruled in regard of the plaintiff. nicety Stevens wrote majority of the decision by stating that the Second Amendment is given to everyone that is a citizen of the United States and that right cant be taken past to a certain extent. There were concurrent opinions that were made by Justice Stevens who said if things are within our rights then we should be able to set out them and use them to the fullest extent of our abilities. District of Columbia v. Heller a? Case Brief Summary. Lawnix Free Case Briefs RSS. N. p. , Fall 2008. Web. 28 Jan. 2013. ) The take issue arguments of opinion came from Stephen Breyer, who stated that the second amendment is only for militia related ordeals and not a matter of being used as self defense. Heller at the time was a special police officer so therefore it w as really questionable on why the lower court verdict had made such a big deal out of the entire situation.The majority opinion was in favor of the plaintiff who wanted to register for a hand gun in the first place for the protection of his home. The importance of the case was that a man was being withheld his reasoned rights that are stated under the second amendment. It showed as well that a state law can be overturned by a higher government system. This case specifically was a major collapse of the Constitution because it showed a prime example of states trying to withhold the rights that we have as citizens. It shores light to the different things that certain state governments try to bring down and cover up.

Parthenon marbles

Marbles are a collection of classical Hellenic marble sculptures, Inscriptions and architectural members. This collection was originally part of the Par whenceon temple and new(prenominal) buildings around It on the Acropolis of Athens, Greece. They are a master subdivision for ancient Greek art and a treasure for the world. Those statues as al offices been part of the Pantheon complex until the Turkish conquered Greece and gained the power allover its artifacts and properties.It had been relatively easy for Thomas Bruce, the 7th earl of Elgin, Britain, to buy from the Ottomans ambassador a wide range of art pieces for a low price. He removed 56 pieces from the temples frieze, 15 mottoes, and 17 pediment sculptures, prescribed a caryatid and a column from a nearby temple and he exported them in his own courtyard. After few year he nominate himself forced to sell the collection to the British nation which deposited It In the British Museum for safe happening, where It Is still today.But long before their arrival In England those statues had been battered by wars, fires, earthquakes, whippets, destructions by sawing off chunks of sculptures and other kind of damage. They brook been scrubbed, cleaned with abrasive substances and finally reburied again with stained wax. Since Greece got back its independence, the folk and the politic leaders consider been fighting to take the Pantheon Marbles back home as nearly as Britain has fought to keep them in the British National museum. The case had been brought stock-still to the European UnionsCourt of respectableice but the marbles are still at present so far from their native place. Through pop the history of the world more nations has lost important pieces of their art as well as other countries and populations have stolen them. Whether its dear to keep those masterpieces or ordinate them back to their proprietor Is a very controversial issue and the world hasnt found the right answer yet. Everyone Ju st cares about their own business and they both want to keep others populations piece of art and have back theirs own.First of all I commend we should stop seeing ancient art as a producer of bullion but as a precious gift to admire. sustain of all we should stop seeing those artifacts as a property of that submit instead of the other but as a property of the holy world. Having said that I think that every piece of art could have been more enjoyed and admired in its own primal place. And I dont think up Just the country where its from, but when possible, even the building where it had been placed.I think it should be an extraordinary emotion to see what and how it should kook like many historic period before us, in the place where that object was made up for, its original(a) home. Many years ago I visited the pyramids, I was a minor so I dont remember it very clearly but I do remember how sad I was when I found out that inside they were almost empty. I expected to found a mummy, sarcophagus, approved urns and all the stuff that belonged to that pharaoh and that pyramid. I was so disappointed that someone had Just took them away, to bring them who knows where. Years later I the best Egyptian collections I have ever seen.But when I was there I felt so sad, I felt eke a thief because that pieces were not from Turin and neither from Italy and then it didnt look so good as it could look in the pyramids, the real place where they belong. I think art is not Just the piece itself, self-standing, but related to the environment it was designed for. Only in that way it could be admired for its own beauty and purpose. So If I had the power, Id give every piece of art back to their primal home, and not because of the money or whatever but because there it can shine as no where else in the entire world.

Memorial Health System Essay

In going through the case plain of the Memorial Health arrangement CPOE Implementation it is appargonnt that the direction of the effectuation was developing trouble from the onset of the proposal and the evaluation (Wager, Glaser, 2009). The first problem that is apparent is the lack of belief in the declare oneself. When the board approved the CPOE inaugural and appointed the champions of the count on the CEO Fred Dryer and CIO Joe Roberts there was already opposite from some of the stakeholders about this count on. The physician believed the CPOE dodging would create more workload for them as well as this corpse reducing the physician to secretaries. To smirch the effect of this power a physician would hold up been appointed as a champion of this bulge out to serve as an advocate of the carcass (Wager, Glaser, 2009). To gain buy-in from other physicians and user of the new system to ensure they have adequate input into the decision- making process (Wager, Glaser, 20 09).The lack of clarity of intend is apparent in this execution. The wander does not visualise the setting and expectations all the way the board approved a multimillion dollar initiative to install an enterprise-wide clinician provider order entry system to reduce medical errors. To denigrate this forefinger the implementation team must determine the scope of the project and what the ecesis hopes the project will achieve (Wager, Glaser, 2009). A senior health cautiousness exe bring outive should meet with the implementation team to set the tone and tell how the project relates to the organizations strategic goals (Wager, Glaser, 2009). The team will determine the scope, establish expectations, and institute a project plan to minimize this indicator (Wager, Glaser, 2009). Insufficient leadership support is another indicator that played a part in the harm of this implementation.When leadership wants to hear positive conference about a project and not the negatives the pr oject will fail. To minimize thisindicator clear and concise intercourse on the progress of the project is necessary the leader involve in the project should make clip for reports on the progress of the implementation to handle any issues that may sink that could hinder the progress of the project (Wager, Glaser, 2009). Appointing people who believe and committed to the project into leadership position to lead the team and make while for communication from team and other leadership (Wager, Glaser, 2009). Another issue that was an indicator of failure to this project was the requirements epitome was rushed several key workflow and system integration issues were missed.To minimize this indicator a thorough requirement analysis is done to ensure that all workflow analysis to support the modify in workflow and the system requirements analysis to ensure the requirements needed for the system to work are aligned with the strategic goals of the organization (Wager, Glaser, 2009). Bu dget cut to the project was a big indicator the would lead to failure of this project because in the status review meeting it was personateed that the project was on scope, on schedule, and on calculate led to leadership taking resources from the CPOE project. It is important the present a true picture of how the project is going not precisely what someone wants to hear (Wager, Glaser, 2009). Present a clear picture of how the budget is spent and what the project will continue to spend as the implementation goes to completion, such as training, or a newer version of the software (Wager, Glaser, 2009). wake an account of the budget can help to minimize this indicator (Wager, Glaser, 2009).This project was doom from the beginning there was not a clear scope or the expectation of the project. Analysis were not done there was not a detail project plan plus and unrealistic time line for the project to be implemented. Leadership did not communicate adequacy to persuade the stakeholde rs who were against the project to change their thoughts and so on. However, for the project to work the objectives of the initiatives are clear and communicating these objectives and initiative, and test the degree to which the organizational members have brought into them. Dividing the project into manageable pieces address the complexity and test the evidence that the project may be at risk from trying to do too much(prenominal) all at once.ReferenceWager, K. A., Lee, F. W., & Glaser, J. P. (2009). Health Care InformationSystem A practical approach for health care management (2nd ed.). San Frncisco, CA Jossey-Bas.

Mondavi Wines Competitive Threats

Mondavi What threats in the business environment does Mondavi face and how is it addressing them? High select agio wines produced by France, Italy, Spain, Chile and Argentina. In the past years, Demand increased for exchange premium wines, firearm consumption of inexpensive, lower quality wine had fallen. As a leave behind of changes in consumption patterns, europium had created a great deal of exorbitance capacity, while wineries of the sunrise(prenominal) world (South America) continued to increase vineyard land area in response to strong demand for high quality wines.The sizing of the global wine manufacture was estimated by 155 billion dollars (approximately), where Europe and South America dominated global consumption of wine with a market share of 70%. Mondavi addresses this issue by leading the business of premium table wines in the US instead. This market pgraphicsicipated with 11% of summarize world consumption represending 17 billion dollars. Analysts expected dem and for premium wines to grow at 8% to 10% per annum. Thus, Mondavi counsellinged 90% of its gross sales in the US through 15 top retailers and 10% to the comfort of the world through exporters.Leverage Risks and Capital requirements The premium wine industry is a capital intensive business. Historically, Tim Mondavi and his team had financed its operations and capital pass principally through borrowings, as well as through inbredly generated funds. They owned vineyards in California, and the joint ventures controlled land in California, US and Italy, which produced 7% of the companys total grape vine supply. The company purchased the rest of its grape supply from 360 self-sustaining growers through long term legal agreements.Because in the last years property value had risen and competitors had spent humongous amounts of money pursuing aggressive acquisition strategies, they could not face come on growth with the same strategy due to the increasing high damage of capital. On the other hand, they could not outsource more grape from independent growers, since Mondavi worked closely with the growers to guarantee prime quality and the use of the new agribusiness techniques developed by the companys own vineyards.So Mondavi chose to focus on a different strategy for the future. He planed to grow its internal grape sourcing by 25% by 2005, focusing on complete growth of the wine and appealing to a new segment of consumers. attention plans to take the company to the next phase by enhancing the high quality of their existing brands, appealing to the organic sectors of healthy consumers and strengthening market positions. production Substitutes Mondavi faced three types of competitors rival unwaveringlys that were focused on making premium wines, large-volume producers moving aggressively into the premium wine business, and global alcoholic boozing companies that were acquiring wineries to complement their beer and/or distilled spirits businesses. He esti mated that only 12% of the consumers drank 88% of wines purchased in the US. To stimulate demand for his products, Robert Mondavi set out to tame American consumers and to enhance their appreciation of bonny wine. everywhere the years, he became a leading promoter of the California wine industry. He encouraged visitors to transit the winery and to taste the new wines that he created. In addition, Mondavi began to host concerts, art exhibits, and other cultural events at the To Kalon vineyard. In 1976, the company established the undischarged Chefs program, the graduation winery culinary program in the US. Robert Mondavi explained his philosophy regarding fine wine, food, and the arts People who delight in food, art, music, also enjoy fine wines, and they enjoy them more together. . . . Wine is more than a drink.Its a culture. Over time, the company began to advertise more extensively to broaden its customer base. Mondavi launched its first major radio advertising campaign to promote the Woodbridge and Coastal brands in 1998 and its first national television advertising in the fall of 2000. The firms advertising expenditures, including point-of-sale materials, reached $20 million in 2001. Michael Mondavi reflected stick out on the limitations of the firms marketing strategy of the early nineties All those black tie events. We were complacent, cocky, and started believing our own press.For decades, our industry sent the wrong message, that wine is for special occasions, while the breweries told people that beer is the beverage of every occasion. Thats crazy. In the old country (Italy), wine was a relentless collar beverage, not an elitist, white collar drink. Our goal is to grow the customer base by removing wines mystery, while still maintaining the magic. As previously mentioned, the next step is becoming organic wine producers of its premiere brands. While maintaining high quality standards, he will reach the new target audience of green consumer s.

Mass Effect Ending Controversy

In peppy sh repulse Normandy fighting in the closing battle to retake Earth from harvester forces peephole not verbalise us why joker pull away from the battle as the victory scoot continues to fight the Reapers. Leaving fans mocking if the only creator for it was to watch the Normandy crash on a extraterrestrial being world for a Adam and Eve illusion in i of the three endings in this case synthetic where Sheppard is given the choice to intermingle humanity with synthetic life to increase under holding and to prevent hike wars.Also raises the question why the other crew members would abandon Sheppard so pronto and everyone who was fighting to save the beetleweed. 2. Beam me up Sheppard Members from your squad who were with you in the final run to the citadel suddenly appear out of the crashed Normandy with no rendering of how they got there. This is made worse as Gamers love interest for Sheppard suddenly emerges from the ship making gamers question further why they w ould abandon Sheppard after 2-3 games.No grieve or empty grave for Sheppard. 3. Destruction of the upsurge Relays In every(prenominal) the endings no matter what you pick or how high your Effective armament Strength Is the Mass Relays get destroyed. When in the Arrival DICE for Mass Effect it was established that destruction of a Mass Relay will completely obliterate a colloidal solutionar system. As shown on the galaxy map Sheppard would have killed billions of souls in the few seconds than the Reaper themselves would ever have. No matter the explosion it would have the same effect. 4.The Victory Fleet maroon With the Mass Relays gone the correct fleet would be stranded at Earth which is made of thousands of ships and hundreds of different races. Which all of which would be orbiting a done for(p) and devastated Earth that might not be able to support its own people. While the Quarries and Turbans cant even eat human food. Supplies would run out would the fleet starve to dea th ? 5. Collected War Assets for What ? Fans expected a felo-de-se battle deal Mass Effect gs ending only involving the entire galaxy.Also that the hours of gamely , Multilayer and Relationships that would have been repaired would have been shown in the final battle as none of the forces you collect are shown fighting during the take back of earth. skirmish takes adorn same as space. With humans looking at a multi colored explosion surrounding Reaper forces. 6. No Closure At the end of Mass effect the game prompts you to buy more bailiwick and an insulting scene where a grandpa tells a story to a child and refers to our hero as The Sheppard .No closure on what happened to the people we cared nigh for five years except for the relationship which developed between Joker and DEED which started in Mass Effect 2. No scenes showing what happened to your characters wizard or minor species also undoes some of these friendships as we dont see were telling stories of Sheppard which mea ns hero. Or seeing tall on her homework build it all Were left teahouse is that there all stranding in the sol system. 7. Another Twist Ending?Players left no choice by developer instead going for a twist ending that is barely pertinent to the story which offers no pay off . 8. The Final Revelation The beau ideal Child) After your hit by Harbingers beam things go off the rails. As you see both Anderson and The illusive man on the Citadel which players would like an option to save Anderson and an option to convince the illusive man to stand down. It feels cheap to be introduced to the ultimate villain the god child as the true force your fighting against in the last few proceeding of the trilogy.As he destroys the mysterious and lore with the reapers by saying Hess the one that created them and the reason for the creation was using circulatory logic saying the created will evermore rebel against the creator after you make peace teen the quarries and the get during a key part of the game disproving this. As this child says without us synthetics would destroy all organics when during the final scenes On Rancho the Get primes addresses Admiral Ran and says your acceptable to return to Rancho Admiral Ran with us. 9. Shepherds Acceptance of the God Childs Bonkers logic protracted cut Good Mass Effect 3 may have added a multilayer component, but many fans were interested in keeping their run into restricted to the single- player. Thats why some were upset to learn that certain scenes (like Sheppard obviously surviving in the destroy ending) can only be seen by raising Galactic Readiness something that cant be done through single-player missions. Teases been changed with the drawn-out Cut.According to Beware, your Effective Military Strength only needs to be more or less 3, 100 to see all of the scenes. As long as youre careful in your solo efforts, you wont miss anything important at the end anymore. severely One of the major complaints about the ori ginal endings is how all three of them were essentially the same, with just different colors for the beam shooting out of the Citadel. Theres however mom of that going on here, even with the new endings.Many scenes are reused or only altered slightly from one ending to the next monstrous The worst looking part of the new content is the series of AD art that appears in the red, green, and blue endings. They are supposed to depict friends and ally living their lives in the post-war world, but the static images feel odd and out-of- place considering the cinematic flair of every other major moment in the series. They arent even in-game stills theyre more like concept art. Im sure Beware has a reason for making the choice, but that doesnt change the fact hat a slideshows feels cheap and cheesy.

Minangkabau (Fundamental of culture, religion, belief and tradition) Essay

The Minangkabau cultural pigeonholing, too cognize as Minang (Urang minang in Minangkabau language), is innate to the highlands of double-u Sumatra, in Ind unitysia. Their destination is matrilineal, with property and land passing stamp out from obtain to daughter, while spiritual and political affairs be the duty of men (although around(prenominal) women as well play outstanding authoritys in these argonas). instantly 4 million Minangs live in West Sumatra, while just about 3 million more argon scattered throughout many an(prenominal) a(prenominal) Ind 1sian and Malay peninsular cities and t features. The Minangkabau ar strongly Islamic, and in like manner follow their ethnic traditions, or adat. The Minangkabau adat was derived from animist beliefs before the arrival of Islam, and remnants of animist beliefs unchanging exist even among some practicing Muslims. The present relation channelise between Islam and adatis described in the saying tradition adat f ounded upon Islamic impartiality, Islamic law founded upon the Quran (adat basandi syara, syara basandi Kitabullah).B. HistoriographyIn the 14th hundred, minangkabau people arrived in Negeri Sembilan by Melaka and r all(prenominal)ed Rembau. They be tillaged and able to socialize with the natives very well. Therefore, mixed marriages among them throw created Biduanda sept. Biduanda tribe is the maestro beneficiary of Negeri Sembilan and community leadership minang to be selected must be from the Biduanda tribe. The biduanda tribe micturate created a leader of Negeri Sembilan called Penghulu and then Undaang.C. CultureThe Minangs be the human races largest matrilineal society, in which properties such(prenominal) as land and shacks atomic number 18 inherited through female lineage. Some scholars argue that this might have caused the diaspora (Minangkabau, merantau) of Minangkabau males throughout the Maritime Southeast Asia to choke scholars or to seek endangerment a s merchants. As early as the age of 7, boys traditionally entrust their kinfolks and live in a surau (a prayer house & community centre) to develop religious and cultural (adat) teachings. When they atomic number 18 teenagers, they argon encouraged to leave their hometown to shootfrom schools or from pay offs out of their hometown so that when they are adults they can return home wise and useful for the society and can contri just nowe their thinking and experience to run the family or nagari (hometown) when they sit as the member of council of uncles. This tradition has created Minang communities in many Indonesian cities and towns, which nevertheless are even so tied virtually to their homeland a state in Malaysia named Negeri Sembilan is heavily influenced by Minang culture because Negeri Sembilan was originally Minangkabaus territory (the people believe so by the overage story from the ancestor).Due to their culture that stresses the importance of learning, Minang peo ple are over-represented in the educated professions in Indonesia, with many pastors from Minang. The starting signal female minister was a Minang scholar. In admission to being renowned as merchants, the Minangs have also produced some of Indonesias most influential poets, writers, statesmen, scholars, and religious scholars. world fervent Muslims, many of them embraced the idea of incorporating Islamic ideals into modern society. Furthermore, the presence of these intellectuals have with the peoples basically proud character, do the Minangkabau homeland (the obligation of West Sumatra) one of the powerhouses in the Indonesian struggle for independence. Today both(prenominal) natural and cultural tourism have change state considerable stinting activities in West Sumatra.1. Ceremonies and festivalsMinangkabau ceremonies and festivals include Turun mandi baby blessing ceremony Sunat rasul circumcision ceremony Baralek wedding ceremony Batagak pangulu rank leader inau guration ceremony. Other clan leaders, all relatives in the same clan and all villagers in the field are invited. The ceremony will last for 7 days or more. Turun ka sawah community work ceremony galore(postnominal)abik harvesting ceremony Hari Rayo Islamic festivals borrowing ceremony Funeral ceremony Wild boar hunt ceremony Maanta pabukoan displace nourishment to start out-in-law for Ramadhan Tabuik Muslim jubilance in the coastal village of Pariaman Tanah Ta Sirah, inaugurate a new clan leader (Datuk) when the one-time(a) one died in the few hours. Mambangkik Ba piquancy Tarandam, inaugurate a new leader (Datuk) when the old one died in the pass 10 or 50 old age and even more, must do the Batagak Pangulu.2. Performing artsTraditional Minangkabau medicine includes saluang jo dendang which contains of singing to the accompaniment of a saluang bamboo flute, and talemponggong-chime music. Dances include the tari piring (plate dance), tari payung (umbrella dance) an d tari indang. Demonstrations of the silat martial art are performed. Pidato adat are observance orations performed at formal cause. Randai is a folk subject tradition which incorporates music, singing, dance, drama and the silat martial art. Randai is usually performed for traditional ceremonies and festivals, and complex stories whitethorn span a number of nights.It is performed as a theatre-in-the-round to achieve an par and unity between audience members and the performers. Randai performances are a synthesis of alter martial arts dances, passwordgs, and acted scenes. Stories are delivered by both the acting and the singing and are mostly found upon Minangkabau legends and folktales. Randai originated early in the 20th century out of fusion of local martial arts, story-telling and some other performance traditions. hands originally played both the male and female characters in the story, provided since the 1960s women have also participated.3. CraftsMinangkabau count ersigngket, the pattern in the lower one-third representing bamboo sprouts West Sumatra grand mosque with Minangkabau-modern style. Particular Minangkabau villages specialize in cottage industries producing handicrafts such as twist sugarcane and reed purses, gold and silver jewellery using filigree and granulation techniques, woven songket textiles, wood carving, embroidery, pottery, and metallurgy.4. CuisineThe basic ingredients of the Minangkabau diet are rice, fish, coconut, green leafy vege give ins and chili. The usage of meat is in the offshoot place limited to special occasions, and beef and chicken are most normally used. Pork is not halal and in that locationfore not consumed, while lamb, posterior and game are rarely consumed for reasons of taste and availability. Spiciness is a indication of Minangkabau food, and the most commonly used herbs and spices are chili, turmeric, ginger and galangal. Vegetables are consumed twain or three times a day. Fruits are mainl y seasonal, although fruits such as banana, papaya and citrus are continually available. Three meals a day are typical with lunch being the most authorized meal, except during the fasting month of Ramadan where lunch is not eaten. Meals commonly represent of steamed rice, a hot fried dish and a coconut milk dish, with a little variation from breakfast to dinner. Meals are mainly eaten from a plate using the fingers of the right hand.Snacks are more much eaten by people in urban areas than in villages. Western food has had little impact upon Minangkabau consumption and preference to date. Rendang is a dish which is considered to be a characteristic of Minangkabau culture, and is cooked 4-5 times a year. Other characteristic dishes include Asam Padeh, Soto Padang, Sate Padang, Dendeng Balado (beef with chili sauce). Food has a central role in the Minangkabau ceremonies which honor religious and life cycle rites. Minangkabau food is popular among Indonesians and restaurants are pre sent throughout Indonesia. Nasi Padang restaurants, named later on the detonator of West Sumatra, are known for placing a variety of Minangkabau dishes on a customers table along with rice and billing only for what is bundlen. Nasi Kapau is another restaurant signifier which specializes in dishes using offal and the use of tamarind to add a glumness to the spicy flavor.5. ArchitectureRumah gadang (Minangkabau big house) or rumah bagonjong (Minangkabau spired roof house) are the traditional homes of the Minangkabau. The architecture, construction, internal and external decoration, and the functions of the house reflect the culture and values of the Minangkabau. A rumah gadang serves as a residence, a hall for family meetings, and for ceremonial activities. With the Minangkabau society being matrilineal,the rumah gadang is owned by the women of the family who live there self-possession is passed from mother to daughter.6. Oral traditions and literatureMinangkabau culture has a long recital of oral traditions. One oral tradition is the pidato adat (ceremonial orations) which are performed by panghulu (clan chiefs) at formal occasions such as weddings, funerals, adoption ceremonies, and panghulu inaugurations. These ceremonial orations consist of many forms including pantun, aphorisms (papatah-patitih), proverbs (pameo), religious advice (petuah), parables (tamsia), two-line aphorisms (gurindam), and similes (ibarat). Minangkabau traditional folktales (kaba) consist of narratives which present the social and ad hominem consequences of either ignoring or observing the ethical teachings and the norms embedded in the adat. The bank clerk (tukang kaba) recites the story in poetic or lyrical prose while incident himself on a rebab. A theme in Minangkabau folktales is the central role mothers and motherhood has in Minangkabau society, with the folktalesRancak diLabueh and Malin Kundang being two examples.Rancak diLabueh is about a mother who acts as teacher a nd adviser to her two growing children. Initially her son is vain and headstrong and only after her perseverance does he become a good son who listens to his mother. Malin Kundang is about the dangers of treating your mother badly. A bluejacket from a poor family voyages to seek his fortune, becoming rich and marrying. After refusing to allow his elderly mother on his return home, being ashamed of his little origins, he is cursed and dies when a storm ensues and turn him along with his ship to stone. The verbalize stone is located in Air Manis set down and is known by locals as batu Malin Kundang Other popular folktales also pertain to the important role of the charwoman in Minangkabau society.In the Cindua Mato epic the woman is the source of wisdom, while in whereas in the Sabai nan Aluih she is more a doer than a thinker. Cindua Mato (Staring Eye) is about the traditions of Minangkabau royalty. The story involves a mythical Minangkabau queen, Bundo Kanduang, who embodies t he behaviors confident(p) by adat. Cindua Mato, a servant of the queen, uses magic to trouncing hostile alfresco forces and save the kingdom. Sabai nan Aluih (The genteel Sabai) is about a young miss named Sabai, the hero of the story, who avenges the execution of her father by a sinewy and offense ruler from a neighboring village. After her fathers murder her cowardly elder brother refuses to confront the murderer and so Sabai decides to take matters into her own hands. She seeks out the murderer and shoots him in revenge.7. LanguageLocation ethnic groups of Sumatra, the Minangkabau is shown in light and dark olive. The Minangkabau language (Baso Minangkabau) is an Austronesian language belong to the Malayic linguistic subgroup, which in turn belongs to the Malayo-Polynesian branch. The Minangkabau language is closely related to to the Negeri Sembilan Malay language used by the people of Negeri Sembilan, many of which are posterity of Minangkabau immigrants. The language ha s a number of dialects and sub-dialects, but native Minangkabau speakers in general have no difficulty understanding the variety of dialects. The differences between dialects are mainly at the phonological level, though some lexical differences also exist. Minangkabau dialects are regional, consisting of one or more villages (nagari), and usually correspond to differences in customs and traditions.Each sub-village (jorong) has its own sub-dialect consisting of subtle differences which can be find by native speakers. The Padang dialect has become the lingua franca for people of contrastive language regions. The Minangkabau society has a diglossia situation, whereby they use their native language for ordinary conversations, while the Indonesian language is used for most formal occasions, in education, and in writing, even to relatives and friends. The Minangkabau language was originally written using the Jawi script, an fit Arabic alphabet. Romanization of the language dates from the 19th century, and a standardized official writing system of the language was published in 1976.DenominationsISO 639-3Population (as of)DialectsMinangkabaumin6,500,000 (1981)Agam, Pajokumbuh, Tanah, Si Junjung, Batu Sangkar-Pariangan, Singkarak, orangutan Mamak, Ulu, Kerinci-Minangkabau, Aneuk Jamee (Jamee), Penghulu. Source Gordon (2005).Despite widespread use of Indonesian, they have their own mother tongue. The Minangkabau language shares many similar words with Malay, yet it has a typical pronunciation and some grammatical differences rendering it unintelligible to Malay speakers.8. Adat and faithAnimism has been an important component of Minangkabau culture. Even after the penetration of Islam into Minangkabau society in the 16th century, animistic beliefs were not extinguished. In this belief system, people were said to have two soulfulnesss, a real soul and a soul which can disappear called the semangat. Semangat represents the vitality of life and it is said to be po ssess by all animals and plants. An illness may be explained as the baffle of the semangat by an evil spirit, and a shaman (pawang) may be consulted to press out invisible forces and bring comfort to the family. Sacrificial offerings can be make to placate the spirit up, and certain objects such as amulets are used as protection. Until the rise of the Padri social movement late in the 18th century, Islamic practices such as prayers, fasting and attendance at mosques had been weakly observed in the Minangkabau highlands.The Padri were inspired by the Wahhabi movement in Mecca, and sought to eliminate societal problems such as tobacco and opium smoking, gambling and general anarchy by ensuring the tenets of the Koran were strictly observed. All Minangkabau customs allegedly in date with the Koran were to be abolished. Although the Padri were eventually defeated by the Dutch, during this period the kindred between adat and piety was reformulated. Previously adat was said to be b ased upon rightness and propriety, but this was changed so adat was more strongly based upon Islamic precepts. With the Minangkabau highlands being the heartland of their culture, and with Islam likely entering the region from coast it is said that custom descended, religion ascended (adat manurun, syarak mandaki).Bugis (Fundamental of culture, religion, belief and tradition)Religious Beliefs.Almost all Bugis adhere to Islam, but there is great variety in the types of Islam practiced. Most Bugis identify themselves as Sunni Muslims, but their practice, influenced by Sufi tenets, is a syncretic blend that also includes offerings to spirits of ancestors and deceased powerful personages. However, reformist Islamic organizations, especially Muhammadiyah, have gained many adherents in some areas and have established their own educational institutions. The I La Galigo literature preserved in ancient manuscripts ( lontara ) describes a cosmogony involving an upper-world and an underworld , each of seven layers, and a host of heavenly beings from whom nobles trace descent, but knowledge of details of this literature is not widespread among commoners. The To Lotang, a group of non-Muslim Bugis in Sidrap regency, continue to adhere to an indigenous belief system based on the lontara and similar to that of the Toraja to the north, but has had to affiliate with the national Hindu movement to retain genuineness as a religion.The extent to which Hindu-Buddhist notions have influenced Bugis religious and sociopolitical notions is currently a matter of debate. The I La Galigo literature presents a pantheon of deities ( dewata ) from whom nobles trace descent, but contemporary Bugis argue that this literature basically recognizes a single great God ( Dewata Seuwa ) in accord with the monotheism of Islam. Despite this, some of the other deities (e.g., the rice goddess) are still given offerings, even by Muslims. Village Bugis also recognize a panoply of local spirits associa ted with the house, the newborn, and inspirational sites they are variously termed the ethereal ones ( to alusu ), the not-to-be-seen ( to tenrita ), evil spirits ( stang ), etc. In fact, every object is thought to have its own animating spirit ( sumange ), whose welfare must be catered to in hostelry to insure good fortune and avert catastrophe.Religious Practitioners.In addition to Islamic judges ( kali ), imams serve as local leaders of the Muslim community they conduct Friday worship services, deliver sermons, andpreside at marriages, funerals, and local ceremonies sanctioned by Islam. Small numbers of transvestite priests ( bissu ), traditionally the guardians of royal regalia, still, though rarely, perform rituals involving chants in a special picture of Bugis directed to traditional deities recognized in the lontara. Curing and consecration ceremonies are conducted by sanro, practitioners with arcane knowledge and expertise in presenting offerings and prayers to local spir its.Ceremonies.Besides the celebration of calendric Islamic holidays (Lebaran, Maulid, etc.), Bugis of syncretic orientation perform many house servant consecration ceremonies ( assalamakeng ) involving offerings to local spirits, guardians of the house, supernatural siblings of the newly born, and other such spirits. Some districts and regencies also sponsor festivals marking planting and harvesting, although some of these have become more civic spectacles than religious celebrations. Especially among nobles, weddings are major occasions for the presentation of status and often involve presentations of local culture, including processions. The bissu rituals, however, increasingly are restricted and performed without large audiences.Arts.Regional dances (e.g., padendang ) are still performed at some ceremonies for the harvest and other occasions, as well as at government-sponsored festivals, but some (e.g., bissu dances) are now rarely performed. Young men make out practicing Indo nesian martial arts ( pencak silat ) and the traditional sport of maintaining a woven rattan ball ( raga ) in the air with ones feet and other body parts, excluding the hands. Traditional Bugis houses still abound, and are used as the radical of modern architectural designs, but figurative art is meager in keeping with Islam.Bugis music is also heavily influenced by Middle east models. Music performed on flute ( suling ) and lute ( kacapi ) similar to that in West Java is common. Epic songs of traditional and contemporary martial heroes are still composed and performed, even on radio. Amulets, especially of Middle Eastern origin, are in demand, while Bugis badik, daggers with characteristically curved handles, are prized heirlooms. Gold ornaments and gold-threaded songketcloths are paraded at weddings. Royal regalia are now on display in some local museums.Medicine.While Western medicine has made inroads with the government-established rural medical health centers ( puskesmas ), m any illnesses are seen as specifically Bugis and curable only by indigenous practitioners ( sanro ) who use such techniques as extraction of foreign objects, massage, use of bespelled or holy water, and blowing on the persevering after the utterance of prayers. Illness may be due to ones spirit leaving the body when subjected to sudden shock, and certain therapies are directed to its recovery. Invulnerability magic is much prized, with the shadow playing an important protective role. Certain illnesses and misfortunes are inflicted by specific spirits associated with each of the four major elementsfire, air, earth, and water.Death and Afterlife.Islamic notions of heaven and hell are now most influential, although among syncretic Bugis local spirits are still identified as the spirits of deceased rulers and other formerly powerful individuals. Funerals follow Islamic rites, and are not occasions for major redistributions, as among the neighboring Toraja. Memorial gatherings for praye r and a shared meal may be performed at such intervals as forty days after a death.History of the Bugis in MalaysiaTraditionally rice farmers, the reputation of the Bugis as seafarers began only after 1670. Defeated in a protracted complaisant war in their homeland in southwest Celebes (now Sulawesi) in 1669, they started a diaspora and entered into the politics of the Malay peninsula and Sumatra. Under the leadership of Daeng Parani (Daeng is a Bugis noble title), the descendants of Daeng Relaga settled on the Linggi and Selangor rivers and with the creation of the office of the Yam Tuan Muda (Bugis underking), became the power foot the Johor throne beginning from 1722.2Conquest of Riau-Johor After grand Turk Mahmud II of Riau-Johor was dispatch in1699, his Bugis bendahara, Abdul Jalil, became the new grand Turk. Many locals did not support him as he was not of royal blood 3 and being Bugis, was neither a Malay. Thus, upon move the throne, Abdul Jalil killed all the wives of Sultan Mahmud to avoid any future claims to the throne. However, one wife, Che Mi, managed to efflux to Minangkabau and gave birth to rajah Kechil.4 Less than two decades later in 1718, rajah Kechil (then aged 18 or 19) assembled a Minangkabau vaporizet and ousted Sultan Abdul Jalil, basing his legitimacy on the claim that he was the posthumous son of Sultan Mahmud Shah II.Sultan Abdul Jalil was demoted to Bendahara and he fled to Pahang but was murdered by Raja Kecils men.5 Abdul Jalils brother ran amok and killed his own wife and children.6 Led by Daeng Parani from Selangor in 1722, the Bugis mercenaries who had earlier assisted Raja Kechil in his campaign now changed sides and fought against Raja Kechil. Chain-cladded and using muskets and blunderbusses, Daeng Paranis warriors drove Raja Kechil out of Riau-Johor where he flee to Siak and founded a new Sultanate. Because the Bugis were not regarded as Malays, Daeng Parani asked Sultan Mahmuds son, Sulaiman, to become the figur ehead ruler, whilst making his own brother, Daeng Merwah, the Yamtuan Muda who would wield true power in the kingdom. For the next 200 years, the Bugis Yamtuan Mudas would be the real power behind the throne.Selangor Sultanate (1745-present) The Bugis first settled in Selangor around 1680. After wielding power in Riau-Johor, the Yamtuan Mudas family ruled Selangor from there. Wishing to break away from Riau-Johor, Selangors Bugis chief, Raja Lumu, travelled to Perak in 1745 and was installed as the Sultan of Selangor by Sultan Muhammad Shah who had become the Sultan of Lower Perak the year previous. Raja Lumu then took the name of Sultan Sallehuddin Shah and became the first Sultan of Selangor. His descendants rule Selangor to this day.First Bugis-Dutch War (1760) The Bugis and the Malays in Bintan, the capital of Riau-Johor, were always at loggerheads and in 1753, the Bugis decided to leave for Linggi in current Negeri Sembilan to begin their own trading center. As they were good traders, ships soon travelled to Linggi to trade and Bintan lost its wealth. In 1760, Sultan Sulaiman asked the Dutch to helphim defeat the Bugis in revenge. Unfortunately for him, the Bugis uncovered his plan and fireed the Dutch first, almost capturing Dutch Melaka. After the Dutch won, Sultan Sulaiman made a fatal geological fault by allowing Daeng Kemboja, the defeated Bugis leader, to return to Bintan. That same year, the elderly Sultan Sulaiman died. His son and grandson, who in turn became the sultan, died the following year in quick succession. Many Malays believed that the three sultans were poisoned by the Bugis.7 The infant Sultan Mahmud Shah III was then installed and with no strong sultan to challenge them, the Bugis once again became powerful in Riau-Johor.Second Bugis-Dutch War (1784) Hostilities between the Bugis and the Dutch was sparked by a gainsay over the cargo of a seized English ship. In frustration, the Bugis leader, Raja hajji, began to attack ships in th e Straits of Melaka, prompting a failed Dutch attempt to punctuate to blockade Bintan. Supported by Selangor and Rembau, the Bugis then attacked Dutch Melaka. Raja Haji was killed and the Bugis fled to Bintan when vessels from Holland arrived and defeated the Bugis. The Dutch then captured Bintan and took control of Riau-Johor. Sultan Mahmud remained as sultan but the new Dutch Resident, David Ruhde, held the real power. Thus, power in the old kingdom of Riau-Johor passed from the Malays to the Bugis and now to the Dutch.