An Interview With An Entreprenuer Essay -- Interview Essays

I interviewed Manuel, co-owner of both Pro ram Sports, because his occupation is extremely innovative and growth-oriented. The purpose of this interview was to learn the following how to come out a chore opportunity how to happyly launch a business how to deal with perceived risks prior to start-up how to solve problems encountered during start-up and over the flavourtime of a ventureBACKGROUNDI was introduced to Manuel through a mutual friend that knows I am truly fascinated by the ability to custom-make vehicles, but more specifically, expensive luxury vehicles. Manuel, originally from Mexico, moved to atomic number 20 with his family twenty historic period ago. Coming from a large family with 4 brothers and 3 sisters, Manuel was determined to be financially successful. After graduating from State Unversity and working as a financial advisor/broker for Morgan Stanley, Manuel dogged he was not happy working in corporate America. After resigning from Morgan Stanley in 2001, Manuel decided his dream of being financially successful would be much easier to action if he launched his own business. Driven by his passion for classy and classy vehicles, Manuel launched a travel sports company in 2002. SHARED VISIONManuel, co-owner of All Pro Motor Sports, shared his vision to launch a aim sports business that customizes expensive European vehicles with his younger brother, Hussein, and cousin, John. Just 3 years ago, this trio put their capital resources together and launched All Pro Motor Sports. All Pro Motor Sports is not just another motor sports business, its a motor sports business that focuses on customizing each vehicle to the owners graven image and guaranteeing that attention to detail is car... ...sionate generally yields positive rewards. Whether star aspires to own a motor sports company or design a type of skiwear that protects large number from injuries, passion willing be the driving force behind successful execution. Accor ding to Hussan and to my agreement, the best way to discover what you are passionate or so is to follow your interests and heavily research your interests to discover what interests you most. Once you discover which one of your interest you want to pursue the next, and most important step, is to discover how you could effort or differentiate your interest in the current marketplace that will give you an opportunity to capitalize. Lastly, I learned that if I decide I dont want to pursue a degree in economics, and instead I want to launch my own business, I must pursue a business in an industry, or lack thereof, that I could commit my life to.

Guantanamo Bay Essay

The United States of America prides itself as existence adept of the most unchewable democracies around the world and The U. S. s continued use of Guantanamo Bay, a smirch knowledgeableness, as an interrogation facility provides a great example of their ignorance toward sanctioned human rights, their unwillingness to release possibly innocent immigrants back to their countries and at last disregarding the option of altering interrogation methods or the closing of such an institution. The U. S. being one of the worlds superpowers also infringes upon human rights by funding and supporting Guantanamo Bay.Guantanamo Bay demonstrates the U. S. s willingness to gain military news at the cost of affirmable innocent peoples saneness and at times their lives. Residents at Guantanamo Bay are often held without being told about what they are being held for, their right to habeas principal sum is withdrawn from them. Also, on average only one in every one deoxycytidine monophosphate a nd seventy two detainees at Guantanamo Bay has been given a trial. In addition, the Pentagon has been reluctant to allow aid agencies like the Red Cross to catch the detainees and inspect their living conditions.The torture at Guantanamo Bay is so loathsome that it caused three residents (Mani al-Utaybi, age 30 Yasser al-Zahrani, age 20 and Ali Abdullah Ahmed, age 37) to chip in suicide . However, in that respect is controversy as to whether these three men killed themselves or were strangled by Guantanamo Bay guards or interrogators and strung up to counterbalance their death appear like a suicide. During year 2002 Canada became directly convoluted with Guantanamo Bay. A fifteen year old kid who was alleged to bind thrown a grenade killing an Ameri goat soldier was brought to Guantanamo Bay and was detained there until last year.Omar Khadr was held at Guantanamo Bay and during 2008 he applied to the federal tribunal for judicial review of the governments decision to not see k his repatriation. He claimed that his s. 7 and rights were infringed. Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of the person and the right not to be deprived thereof except in accordance with the principles of fundamental justice. The court of justice found Khadrs s. 7 rights breached as a result of the patronage flyer program. Khadr was not given any immediate discuss at the time of his quit, breaching s. 0(b) of The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms.Everyone has the right on arrest or postponement to retain and instruct counsel without delay and to be informed of that right. Like many other detainees at Guantanamo Bay Khadrs right to habeas corpus was infringed, which is s. 10(c) of the charter. Everyone has the right on arrest or detention to have the validity of the detention determined by way of habeas corpus and to be released if the detention is not lawful. Lastly, Khadr was brought to Guantanamo Bay during year 2002 and was not act for murder unt il year 2007, which breaches his s. 1(b) rights.Any persons charged with an offence has the right to be tried within a reasonable time. The most terrible subject about both Guantanamo Bays disregard for human rights and intervention of foreigners is the strong aversion The United States has towards the reconstruction and the development of new methods of unconscious process for Guantanamo Bay. Gathering military intelligence is a high priority only when that priority should never be at the cost of a manageable innocent persons well being.Therefore, the idea of closing an institution like Guantanamo Bay should not seem extrinsic. However, interrogation facilities are need in order for the U. S. to stay vigilant with anti-terrorism, but there should be a need to modify Guantanamo Bays practices so that detainees can keep their rights. Torin Nelson, a former Guantanamo Bay employee interviewed in the documentary Gitmo a documentary on Guantanamo Bay spoke regarding Guantanamo B ays authoritative interrogation tactics. In my humble opinion theyre completely ineffective and detrimental to the overall missionI guarantee you I could lay one person to give more information (compared to trying to posit information from ten detainees using current methods) if I was to convince that one person that were the good guys and were their friends. In summation, Guantanamo Bay is a corrupt institution because it ignores fundamental human rights by cruelly treating residents, it withholds possible innocent detainees like Omar Khadr and The U. S. is not showing any sign of changing Guantanamo Bays methods even though it might prove a more efficient way of gathering military intelligence.

Chinas Economy Essay

hold forth the possible implications of such a development for (a) the arena art system, (b) the human beings monetary system (c) the occupation strategy of todays European and U. S. global corporations, and (d) global commodity prices. A) The implications of such a development for the reality trading system is that China go away basically allow for be the root of trading. From my perspective, Chinas development of economical impart pull ahead overall parsimony of world.In the trading system, China will acquire a major role on deciding the policy and implications how the trading should be done. With its sophisticated export ontogenesis do to the rapid increase in technology China is sharply stepping up exports. With Chinas dominant imports and exports trading and taking a big part in WTO, trade as a percent of GDP has grown dramatically, rising slope to a level far greater than for any country of connatural size. B) With its high output of economic growth, in world monetary system, I think Chinas currency might be omnipotent than U.S. dollar or equal or to a greater extent than other world currency. In monetary system, Chinas demands for its large economic development, will put pressure on other global countries how its plays a wind role. The Chinese Yuan will be in the near approaching a major international currency, benefitting from the strong position and of the Chinese economy and the latest arrangements, and the stability of the Yuans value when it is compared to other major currencies. C) The implications in European and U. S. lobal corporations would be from my perspective that more corporation bloodline will shift to China. With so many corporation works being sent overseas, there is no doubt that China will be leading part in these corporations. China will generally right polices in what is fall in interest for corporation and Chinas economic growth. I think that business strategy will be more controlled by China do to the resou rces that its going to provide and how it will be distributed throughout the global economy.D) I think this is going to be the most impact throughout the whole world with economic growth of China. Global commodity price changes can claim inflation and the harm of trade at the global level, with possibly large effects on other emerging and developing economies. In upcoming growth, China will set benchmarks in commodity pricing along with U. S. at side. Chapter 2 question 4 What are the risks facing contrary firms that do business in Indonesia?What is required to abase these risks? The risks that I personally believe firms that do business in Indonesia would be loss of income to bribes. Moreover, jail time for foreign enterprises on flimsiest of pretext as well and long waits to establish a business are the risks that foreign firms are facing. In order to reduce or say minimize these risks, a radical change is required. Indonesia has an anticorruption exact, which may or may not work.As stated in the case, Indonesia has launched an anticorruption drive it just sine qua nons to implement better ways of putting that faithfulness into affect. A more assertive policy needs to distinguish affect on people in order to make the country better and bring out the resources that it has to offer like Oil production. Moreover, political elites need to get involvement with each other and foreign countries in fictile and assisting to rebuild a better Indonesia.As for business firm, businesses must take a pro-active approach to security and risk management. Doing so reduces the chances of a conjunction becoming a victim, but also minimizes the likely fallout in the event an incident was to occur. An effective risk prevention and mitigation excogitate will enable the company to effectively respond, recover and resume commonplace business operations within the shortest time frame possible so as to minimize the potential business impact either financially or from a re putation standpoint.

Managerial Account

octuple Choice Questions 1. Which of the followers statements is true? A. The word greet has the same heart and soul in all situations in which it is utilize. B. Cost data, once classified and enter for a specific application, are appropriate for use in both application. C. Different address concepts and classifications are used for different purposes. D. alone organizations obtain the same types of appeal. E. Costs incurred in one year are ceaselessly meaningful in the following year. 2. Which of the following is a carrefour cost? A. Glass in an automobile. B. Advertising. C. The payment of the vice president-finance. D. Rent on a mill. E.Both A and D. 3. The invoice records of Georgia party detected the following be deport materials used, $250,000 direct labor, $425,000 manufacturing overhead, $375,000 and selling and administrative expenses, $220,000. Georgias product costs integral A. $1,050,000. B. $830,000. C. $895,000. D. $1,270,000. E. whatever some o therwise amount. 4. Costs that are expensed when incurred are called A. product costs. B. direct costs. C. inventoriable costs. D. catamenia costs. E. indirect costs. 5. Which of the following is not a point in time cost? A. heavy costs. B. Public relations costs. C. gross revenue instructions. D. Wages of assembly-line trifleers. E.The salary of a companys head teacher financial officer (CFO). 6. The accounting records of Reynolds Corporation revealed the following selected costs Sales commissions, $65,000 plant supervision, $190,000 and administrative expenses, $185,000. Reynoldss period costs number A. $250,000. B. $440,000. C. $375,000. D. $255,000. E. $185,000. 7. Yang Corporation recently computed total product costs of $567,000 and total period costs of $420,000, excluding $35,000 of gross revenue commissions that were overlooked by the companys administrative assistant. On the basis of this information, Yangs income statement should reveal operating expenses of A. 3 5,000. B. $420,000. C. $455,000. D. $567,000. E. $602,000. 8. Which of the following entities would most presumable have raw materials, work in edge, and accurate goods? A. Exxon Corporation. B. Macys Department Store. C. W residuumys. D. Southwest Airlines. E. Columbia University. 9. Selling and administrative expenses would likely appear on the counterbalance sheet of A. The Gap. B. Texas Instruments. C. Turner air System. D. All of these firms. E. None of these firms. 10. Mideast Motors manufactures automobiles. Which of the following would not be classified as direct materials by the company?A. Wheel lubricant. B. Tires. C. Interior leather. D. CD player. E. tatter metal used in the automobiles body. 11. Which of the following employees of a commercial printing implement/publisher would be classified as direct labor? A. word of honor binder. B. Plant earnest guard. C. Sales representative. D. Plant supervisor. E. Payroll supervisor. 12. Lake Appliance produces washers and dryers in an assembly-line process. Labor costs incurred during a recent period were corporate executives, $500,000 assembly-line workers, $180,000 security guards, $45,000 and plant supervisor, $110,000.The total of Lakes direct labor cost was A. $110,000. B. $180,000. C. $155,000. D. $235,000. E. $735,000. 13. Depreciation of factory equipment would be classified as A. operating cost. B. other cost. C. manufacturing overhead. D. period cost. E. administrative cost. 14. Which of the following costs is not a component of manufacturing overhead? A. corroborative materials. B. Factory utilities. C. Factory equipment. D. Indirect labor. E. Property taxes on the manufacturing plant. 15. The accounting records of Diego fellowship revealed the following costs, among othersCosts that would be considered in the calculation of manufacturing overhead total A. $149,000. B. $171,000. C. $186,000. D. $442,000. E. some other amount. 16. Which of the following statements is true? A. Product costs strike only the balance sheet. B. Product costs affect only the income statement. C. extremity costs affect only the balance sheet. D. Neither product costs nor period costs affect the Statement of Retained Earnings. This can besides be a true statement if the period costs were pre remunerative (i. e. , pre paying(a) advertising, depreciation). E. Product costs eventually affect both the balance sheet and the income statement. 17.In a manufacturing company, the cost of goods completed during the period would include which of the following elements? A. Raw materials used. B. blood line ruined goods inventory. C. Marketing costs. D. Depreciation of delivery trucks. E. All of the above. 18. Which of the following equations is used to calculate cost of goods exchange during the period? A. stem done for(p) goods + cost of goods manufactured + finishing finished goods. B. Beginning finished goods expiration finished goods. C. Beginning finished goods + cost of goods manufa ctured. D. Beginning finished goods + cost of goods manufactured ending finished goods.E. Beginning finished goods + ending finished goods cost of goods manufactured. 19. Holden Industries began July with a finished-goods inventory of $48,000. The finished-goods inventory at the end of July was $56,000 and the cost of goods sold during the month was $125,000. The cost of goods manufactured during July was A. $104,000. B. $125,000. C. $117,000. D. $133,000. E. some other amount. 20. Carolina Plating Company report a cost of goods manufactured of $520,000, with the firms closing balance sheet revealing work in process and finished goods of $70,000 and $134,000, respectively.If supplemental information disclosed raw materials used in take of $80,000, direct labor of $140,000, and manufacturing overhead of $240,000, the companys beginning work in process must have been A. $130,000. B. $10,000. C. $66,000. D. $390,000. E. some other amount. 21. The accounting records of Bronco Compan y revealed the following information Broncos cost of goods manufactured is A. $519,000. B. $522,000. C. $568,000. D. $571,000. E. some other amount. 22. The accounting records of Brownwood Company revealed the following information Brownwoods cost of goods sold is A. $721,000. B. $730,000.C. $778,000. D. $787,000. E. some other amount. 23. For the year sound ended, Cole Corporations manufacturing costs (raw materials used, direct labor, and manufacturing overhead) totaled $1,500,000. Beginning and ending work-in-process inventories were $60,000 and $90,000, respectively. Coles balance sheet also revealed respective beginning and ending finished-goods inventories of $250,000 and $180,000. On the basis of this information, how much would the company report as cost of goods manufactured (CGM) and cost of goods sold (CGS)? A. CGM, $1,430,000 CGS, $1,460,000. B. CGM, $1,470,000 CGS, $1,540,000. C.CGM, $1,530,000 CGS, $1,460,000. D. CGM, $1,570,000 CGS, $1,540,000. E. Some other amounts. 24. Glass Industries reported the following data for the year just ended sales revenue, $1,750,000 cost of goods sold, $980,000 cost of goods manufactured, $560,000 and selling and administrative expenses, $170,000. Glass gross margin would be A. $940,000. B. $1,190,000. C. $1,020,000. D. $380,000. E. $770,000. 25. shifting costs are costs that A. transfigure inversely with changes in activity. B. vary directly with changes in activity. C. remain constant as activity changes. D. come down on a per-unit basis as activity increases.E. increase on a per-unit basis as activity increases. 26. Which of the following is not an drill of a protean cost? A. Straight-line depreciation on a machine that has a five-year service life. B. Wages of manufacturing workers whose pay is based on hours worked. C. Tires used in the production of tractors. D. Aluminum used to make patio furniture. E. Commissions paid to sales personnel. 27. The obdurate costs per unit are $10 when a company produce s 10,000 units of product. What are the dictated costs per unit when 8,000 units are produced? A. $12. 50. B. $10. 00. C. $8. 00. D. $6. 50. E. $5. 50. 28.Total costs are $180,000 when 10,000 units are produced of this amount, variable costs are $64,000. What are the total costs when 13,000 units are produced? A. $199,200. B. $214,800. C. $234,000. D. Some other amount. E. Total costs cannot be calculated based on the information presented. 29. Baxter Company, which pays a 10% commission to its salespeople, reported sales revenues of $210,000 for the period just ended. If fixed and variable sales expenses totaled $56,000, what would these expenses total at sales of $168,000? A. $16,800. B. $35,000. C. $44,800. D. $51,800. E. Some other amount. 30.The salary that is sacrificed by a college student who pursues a degree full fourth dimension is a(n) A. sunk cost. B. out-of-pocket cost. C. opportunity cost. D. differential cost. E. marginal cost. Essay Questions 1. take up the three firms that follow (1) Southwest Airlines, (2) BMW, and (3) Target. These firms, examples of service providers, manufacturers, and merchandisers, tend to have different characteristics with respect to costs and financial-statement disclosures. Required Determine which of the preceding firms (1, 2, and/or 3) would likely A. Disclose operating expenses on the income statement.B. occupy product costs. C. Have period costs. D. Disclose cost of cost good sold on the income statement. E. Have no meaningful investment in inventory. F. Maintain raw-material, work-in-process, and finished-goods inventories. G. Have variable and fixed costs. 2. Consider the following cost items 1. Sales commissions earned by a companys sales force. 2. Raw materials purchased during the period. 3. Current years depreciation on a firms manufacturing facilities. 4. Year-end completed production of a carpet manufacturer. 5. The cost of products sold to customers of an apparel store. . Wages earned by machine oper ators in a manufacturing plant. 7. Income taxes incurred by an airline. 8. Marketing costs of an electronics manufacturer. 9. Indirect labor costs incurred by a manufacturer of office equipment. Required A. Evaluate the costs just cited and determine whether the associated dollar amounts would appear on the firms balance sheet, income statement, or document of cost of goods manufactured. B. What major asset will normally be insignificant for service enterprises and relatively substantial for retailers, wholesalers, and manufacturers? Briefly discuss. C.Briefly explain the similarity and unlikeness between the merchandise inventory of a retailer and the finished-goods inventory of a manufacturer. 3. Consider the following items A. Tomatoes used in the manufacture of Hunts ketchup B. administrative salaries of executives employed by Jet Blue Airlines C. Wages of assembly-line workers at a Ford plant D. Marketing expenditures of the Atlanta Braves baseball club E. Commissions paid t o Coca-Colas salespeople F. Straight-line depreciation on manufacturing equipment owned by Dell Computer G. transfer charges incurred by Office Depot on out-going orders H.Speakers used in Sony home-theater systems I. insurance costs related to a Mary Kay Cosmetics manufacturing plant Required effect the table that follows and classify each of the costs listed as (1) a product or period cost and (2) a variable or fixed cost by placing an X in the appropriate column. 4. In discussing the military operation of her automobile, a doctor once observed that gasoline is a fixed cost because the cost per gallon is relatively stable. Insurance, on the other hand, is a variable cost because the cost per mile varies inversely with the number of miles driven. gabfest on the doctors observation.

New Technologies Essay

commonplace transaction is the management function which evaluates national attitudes, identifies the policies and procedures of an individual or an organisation with the public interest, and plans and executes a program of action to earn public understanding and acceptance. Public relations is the management function that identifies, establishes, and maintains interchangeablely honest relationships between an organisation and the various publics on whom its success or hardship depends. Cutlip Scott et al. Effective Public nonifications, Prentice Hall 2000Public relations is slightly reputation the result of what you do, what you say and what others say about you. Public relations practice is the discip air which looks after reputation with the aim of earning understanding and support, and influencing fleshy judgment and behaviour. It is planned and sustained effort to establish and maintain seemliness and mutual understanding between organisations and its publics. Harr ison Shirley, Public dealings An introduction, Thomson Learning 2000 Public relations practice is the planned and sustained effort to establish and maintain good allow and mutual understanding between an organisation and its publics.Jenkins Frank, Public dealings Techniques, Butterworth Heinemann second edition Public relations consists of all forms of planned communication, outwards and inwards, between an organisation and its publics for the purpose of achieving specific objectives concerning mutual understanding.Jenkins Frank, Public Relations, Pitman fifth edition Comparison of the characteristics of advertising and public relationsUse of media Purchase media space normally relies on or cartridge holder gaining media c everyplaceage Degree of control over comparatively tight control Relatively small-scale if any the sum over the content and control over content and timing of the nub timing of the subject Message credibility Normally low credibility Normally relatively h igh credibility Types of target audience Relatively narrow target Often aimed at a audience ordinarily market relatively broad range related of publics/audiences Focus of the exertion Relatively short-term Situation oriented Expected time horizons mart/sales oriented Both short and long term for proviso and results objectives and impact. objectives and impact. Forms of evaluation Established measurement Relatively limited number Techniques for reporting of evaluation techniques and cost efficiency exercisingd, often confined tomeasures of media coverage system of payment for Agencies receive payment Agencies paid on the agency go in the form of commission basis of fees for from the media based on advisers time or by the space or time booked annual retainer for the client Black Sam, Public Relation revision workbook, HTL publications 1992 pg8 Comparison of propaganda and public relationsSender Varying degrees of address Clear identification of the Identification vector Purpo se To chassis a movement or To achieve con direct or a followers develop dialogue Message One sided, varying degrees May muffle between of accuracy arguments accuracy weighty Media Similar media may be used in both cases Receiver Similar audiences may be targeted in both cases Black Sam, Public Relation revision workbook, HTL publications 1992 pg9 crude Technologies are drastically changing the whole business of Public Relations Mobile phones, video recorders, DVD players PCs etcetera engineering science that began as business-to-business has steadily positive for use in the home, in the business market, technology is primarily a productivity tool, but in the home it is much more than(prenominal) than blank or entertainment, competing for attention against TV or the cinema.Technology is the technical bureau quite a little use to improve their outsmartings. It is also hit the sackledge of using tools and machines to do tasks efficiently. We use technology to control t he world in which we live. Technology is people using knowledge, tools, and systems to make their lives easier and better. People use technology to improve their talent to do work. Through technology, people communicate better. Technology allows them to make more and better products. Our buildings are better with the use of technology.We travel in more comfort and speed because of technology. Yes, technology is everywhere and whoremonger make flavour better.www. ask. com According to most of the articles in the reference list, and the interview with Dan Pinch (consultant at PR agency Weber Shandwick), the biggest impact for the world of public relations in the last five years is most certainly the profits. It has surmount time-zone problems in communicating with clients in the United States as well as the Eastern European countries, and it has so much to offer in speed, theatrical role and communication. Along with various interactive software packages (appendix (ii)) that make it easier for consultants to do their contrast efficiently and swifter than in front.Understanding the unique properties of the internet *it provides a unique middling in which communities and groups passel form, reform, transform and dissolve. *It is relatively inexpensive, *users can be unknown or have different online personality and act differently as a result, *it recognises no geographic boundaries, *once a message is out, the sender loses control, and * on that point are already many more internet than non-internet transmit for communication. It is clear that the internet has and is continuing to change the communication model or paradigm.It is changing the very nature of the relationship between an organisation and its publics in terms of process, content, location, speed and power. The Public Relations e-Commission www. icas. co. uk e-PR ICAS, internet learning The internet has created new tools and changed objectives an altered geography of web sites, newsgroups, usenets, berate rooms, and stationing lists, and a revised lexicon with terms wish rogue web sites, metatabs, text-crawlers, reciprocal linking, hyper-text-perts, and face engine placement the names can make the internet sound very complex, however it is a useful communication tool.With development travel at the velocity of light, communicators discover fresh ways to deliver and admonisher news that keeps them two steps ahead of the media and the competition. Do you want to know if your client or follow go away be front-page news before the scoop is even in print? No problem With the maturation of new methods of monitor media, you can be notified before the news hits the stands or makes the airwaves today public relations practitioners are receiving real-time news-breaks.Public relations consultants can distribute information or look at reports of media placements in literally seconds than wait a week or two. Which system to use depends on the users needs, budget and equ ipment available for collecting or broadcasting data the more exclusive and appropriate the information sent or received, the more expensive it is. Service companies are constantly attack up with new programs and applications to help public relations practitioners reach the media. slip services have upgraded their offerings with daily fax delivery and on-line media monitoring to match the clients clip profile. showtime Public Relations Society of America, Technology transforms media relations work. Public Relations Journal, Nov 1993 v49 n11 p34(1) News dispersal companies allow PR agencies to get vital information to the press on a large scale in a short time. traditionally an agency would have to do their press release, put them in envelopes, and mail them out to all journalists. With news distribution companies like Pr Newswire, Pimms, drive on all you do is e-mail them the release with a list of contacts and they go away e-mail, fax, or post the information out.Pr Newswire a lso has capabilities of putting information onto a newswire service which can be accessed by large broadcast and press agencies. Contact Management Software are programmes supplied by companies like Media Disk and PR Newswire, they are large databases containing numerous names of journalists, unitedly with respective publications the systems should be continuously updated to keep data current. These systems allow users to build mailing lists for effective targeting and distribution of messages.Technology has changed many aspects (from speed of receiving documents via e-mail, to message boards and chat rooms where rumours can be heard of first etc. ) in the world of Public Relations. However, the areas in which it has not changed much is the lecture to journalists, PR consultants still have to use the phone a bang-up deal and face-to-face communication will always remain an important way of conducting business clearly shown with the latest British Airways advertisement, with the s trap line Its better to be there.The advertisement shows that the use of technology is all well and good however making the effort to go and see the client is even better (appendix (v)). According to Dan Pinch valet de chambre contact of the actual daily job will always conciliate the same, Public Relations is all about human contact that will never go away. Public relations whether it is offline is and always will be about human relationships The Public Relations e-Commission www. icas. co. uk e-PR ICAS, internet information To keep with the times it would be obvious to assume that many of the PR firms are or should be using a combination of slowly data access and delivery technology to maintain their client base. snip services, news wires and informational databases have upgraded their offerings to supply their clientele with information releases.The functions of Public Relations can now be helped along with todays technology, the unveiling of publicity for products and serv ices can be done in numerous ways, from the internet to placement in films. Opinion forming on a occurrence issue can be dealt with by posting an article on the internet and getting feedback from the public. The ability to download photographs from the internet can help media relations. The use of television, cinema, radio, and internet can help with business sponsorship getting more coverage in a variety of ways.PR on the lucre also includes a new set of assumptions, with response speeds measured in seconds, not hours, and a through the looking glass distortion that can make a single person on an dissemblenet newsgroup more potent than the entire public relations department of a major corporation. Nobody is small on the Web, says Alan Wallace, a principal at Santa Monica-based Inter Active Agency, a brash, two-year-old firm dedicated to the proposition that PR agencies not already on the Internet are already out of business. Source Richard Rapaport, PR finds a cool new tool. Fo rbes, Oct 6, 1997 v160 n7 pScentury(6)The internet has clearly do the workload easier to handle for PR firms, however there is also a negative aspect about this tool there are scarier implications that surround the world of internet, such as the reality, that corporate status can be savaged as dissatisfied customers and shareholders exchange comments on the World Wide Web. It can all occur without the companies knowledge, if they are not monitoring, and contributing to the forum, message boards and chat rooms it can end up as a minus mix of rumours and misrepresentation, and severe consequences can follow, as Quigley Cold-Eeze discovered (appendix (iii)).When a company faces a crisis, there has never been a more powerful or potentially more destructive tool than the internet, according to Text 100 managing director Katie Kemp Once it gets on the net, you lose control of it. Source Haymarket create Ltd, PR makes its way to IT boardrooms, Marketing, May 27, 1999 p59(2) PR agencies that have the technical expertise can set up monitoring services. Edelman Technology, the hi-tech sector of Edelman Public Relations Worldwide, assists the complex needs of technology corporations large and small.Staffed by IT specialists in key global markets, Edelman is among the leading industry players in the area of high-tech PR. Edelman has a system called I-Wire which monitors the internet, checking on 55,000 user groups and bulletin boards. It means that if theres trouble, the team responsible can take action. As technologies conform to and the pace of development slows, competition for press coverage will intensify, says Lewis. Agencies with little knowledge of journalism and poor technical expertise will be exposed. Weak stories will fail, and so will weak agencies.

Faulkner’s Religious Views in a Rose for Emily Essay

Introduction A. General words slightly William Faulkner and his A travel for Emily B. The rendering of chivalric fabrication C. The development of chivalric fiction in new(a) succession II. The knightly pillowcaseistics in A rose for Emily A. The topic is mainly astir(predicate) attain, loose, violence and necrophilia, which is the medieval topic B. The citation of Emily is unyielding, eccentric and surreptitious, who is elusive in gothic induce C. The explanation of environment adopts the typical gothic style D.The flashback in A flush for Emily articulatees the mysterious tune III. decision The correct combination of the gothic form with trustworthyistic content in A Rose for Emily Abstract This paper discusses the creative purpose of A Rose for Emily on the angle of the traditionalistic gothic ingredients of atomic number 63an and Ameri female genital organ literature. It points turn out that William Faulkner uses the gothic characteristics in many aspects, such as topic, hero, environment and plot, etc. Meanwhile, he fills it with fresh air, symbolic meaning and his own emotion. every digest(predicate) of these make A Rose for Emily rise at a arrant(a) peakthe combination of gothic form and realistic content, so that the nobble levelis non lone roughly(prenominal) gilt-edged to the traditional Black Romanticism, solely superior to the Realism in capital of Seychelles Age. Key words William Faulkner, A Rose for Emily, gothic characteristics. I. Introduction A. General words about William Faulkner and his A Rose for Emily William Faulkner is one of the most distinguish writer in American literature. He was born in the South, and he wrote batch, background and cases in the South.As the appearance of Faulkner, the South appeared the literary glories of the South Renaissance, which ever was c every(prenominal)ed the literary desert. (Yu Jianhua, 2004 460) Maybe in that location is never an American writer such as Faulkner who catches so many eyes of professors and critics. Even his short story, A Rose for Emily, some writers have discussed and explored it in many modes. However, this essay tries to discuss Faulkners creative purpose in the gothic style, which had a great regulate on European and American literature. And it is to unveil something new to give the contri simplyor enlightenment and thinking. B.The definition of gothic fiction The word Goth came from the reveal of a Germanic trap. The gothic commonwealth were illustrious for their brutal and risky qualities. They ever lived in north Europe , then invaded in capital of Italy Empire around the third AD century to the fifth AD century, and pitch many kingdoms in Italy, Spain, southmost part of France and north Africa. A thousand old age later, later on the Rome Empire died out, Italian Vasari (15111574) employ the Goth for the first time to refer to an architectural style in middle age, which was tall sharp pointed, vaulted roo f or jerk ,narrow windows, colorful glass, darkness houses, gloomy ladders.(Xiao Minghan, 2001 9) The so-called Gothic Revival appeared in aspects of architecture and literature during eighteenth century to nineteenth century, which was the gloomy and down(p) tone in middle age. Meanwhile, some literary works enjoyed the selfsame(prenominal) tone with Gothic fiction in the time. Take Horace Walpole for ex vitamin Ale, his The Castle of Otranto set an example for early classic gothic fiction. The birth of Gothic fiction is not only related with the Gothic feeling of the cemetery poem of England, hardly related with the Gothic style aesthetic standard of Edmund murder (17291797) as well.C. The development of gothic fiction in modern time The gothic style became prevail and spread quickly from England to the whole Europe and the U. S in the eighteenth century. And it had a great shape on American literature to some certain extent. Charles Brown (17711810), the most famous Americ an representative in this field, vividly portrayed the terrified psychological science of his hero in a gloomy tone and mysterious environment. II. The gothic characteristics in A Rose for Emily Faulkner lived in the South for a lifetime grand, and the field of south fertilized him and shaped his character.Therefore, his habit, thinking way and life placement closely related with this unfortunate field. (Jay Parinier, 19892031) As the representative of the American traditional thinking, the most important and unconscious content had copiously precipitated in the deep of his heart. That is why he showed his love to his hometown in such an unusual wayexposed the faults and gloomy aspects of the South. Maybe gothic characteristic in A Rose for Emily is the best way to express his emotion. A.The topic is mainly about murder, death, violence and necrophilia, which is the gothic fiction First of all, the topic is mainly about murder, death, violence and necrophilia. It vividly picture s a terrified story of an old virgin. Emily is the last member of the Grierson. She is a slim and gentle dame, still she almost loses her saucer when she appears again in her 30s, She looks bloated, alike(p) a body long submerged in motionless water, and of that pallid hue. (para6) She dies in her 74 historic period old finally. Alive, Miss Emily had been a tradition, a duty, and a care a sort of hereditary obligation upon the town.( para3) As long as Emily is dead, all the proud and dignity of gentle lady is dead out. Even in order to give her a hand, the premayor Colonel Sartoris only uses an excuse to avoid painful sensation her. Emily has been separated from the away(p) for nearly forty years after her nonpluss death and after the missing of her fiance??. Daily, monthly, yearly we watched the inkiness grow grayer and more stooped, going in and out with the market basket. (para33) Sometimes, people could cypher her through the window, only find her like the carven trun k of an idol in a niche.(para33) It is until the end of her funeral that the people discover the secret which they find bell ringers skeleton in a locked room. Obviously, the gentle lady deliberately performs and covers a murder. Critics regard that Emily retaliates by cleaning the north man with poison because he refuses to marry her. However, on former(a) angle, Emily is too empty to comfort herself. In order to make a man accompany with her, she has no choice but kills himin the way, she can stay with him forever. But this gain just is the forever lost. The here and now she kills him, she is dead in spirit.The grief, desolation and sadness fill in her knowledgeable heart forever. Emily can not stand the fact that a south lady courts a north worker but fails. It is a perfect satire under the history condition in that time. Even like this, she still carried her head high enougheven when we believed that she was fallen. (para21) In a word, the topic of A Rose for Emily is the G othic topic, which describes about murder and dead. B. The character of Emily is stubborn, eccentric and mysterious, who is involved in gothic form The character of Emily is involved in Gothic form.She is stubborn, eccentric and mysterious. She has been isolated from the outside world for forty-year since her father is dead and Homers missing. Her door dust closed all the year round and refuses all the visitors. Actually, she is an unrealistic stubborn woman. She does not want to dispose of her fathers body, and She told them that her father was not dead. (para15) Despite the law, she refuses to pay the taxes and repeats that I have no taxes in Jefferson. (para8) Moreover, she asks the officials to pretend explanation from Colonel Sartoris, who ever remit her taxes.It seems that she dose not know Colonel Sartoris was dead before ten years. It can be believed that her refusal to pay the taxes symbolizes the refusal to accept the changed hostelry to some extent. (Zhu Zhenwu, 2003 34) She takes pain to keep her superior, dignity and the southern fair lady impression. Emily is a typical example of the dead south. The unsuccessful person of the Civil contend brought corruption and origin to the South, which was very obvious in economy and politics. (Zhang Kuiwu, 200274) However, it is incognizable in moral and psychological science.The South originally had their own unique stinting form, cultural style, life way and moral standard, even their own language. every last(predicate) of these elements easily stimulated the southerner rise a feeling of the nostalgia, which had solidified for the failure of the South in the Civil War. (Yu Jianhua, 2004 460) Therefore, the war led to a antic contradictory phenomenon the old South die as long as the failure of the war, but it more obstinately survive than any different times. The South died in society and economy, but it is still alive in the culture and mental.Pitiable Emily is solidified by time. She falls into the knightly glories and honors of the South, but can not be brave enough to face the real life. Faulkner vividly pictures the southerners subtle, complicated and contradictory psychology through Emily. Emily only is the summary of the southern declining aristocracies. As the famous critic Malcolm Cloy says The southern people lived under so heavy pressure that they almost lost their judicious behavior, but responded mechanically. (Yu Jianhua, 2004 460) Thus, they broke out some uncontrollable violence andinordinate behaviors occasionally. On the other hand, they tightly clung on the luxury and glories in the past to escape the reality, which seems extremely unrealistic and ridiculous. In this way, Faulkner criticizes the southerners who live in a new time but keep outdated mind. And this distorted psychology is exactly the spiritual essence of the collapsing old south. Standing on a new angle, Faulkner re-examines closely and explains all of these, and sympathizes the southerne rs thinking way and moral standard. C.The description of environment adopts the typical gothic style Besides the topic and character are the gothic elements, the description of environment in A Rose for Emily adopts the typical Gothic style. Emilys house and both at bottom and outside environment are gothic ones. Emilys house is a special style building made of wood. When her parents are alive, the house is impressive style, which had once been white, decorated with cupolas and spires and scrolled balconies in the heavily lightsome style of the Seventies.(para2) As the time passes, however, the house still keeps its outdated style and lifting its stubborn and sexy decay. (para2) We could feel an incompatible atmosphere with the age. Several years later, the deputation has a chance to go into Emilys house for the first time. They went into a obnubilate hall from which a stairway mounted into still more shadow. (para5) Moreover, there was a dust and disusea close, dank smell(para 5) in the air. The parlor was furnished in heavy, leathercovered furniture. (para5) Faulkner describes a pitch-black and mysterious picture for us.It was really shocking what the town people see in Emilys base room. A thin, acrid pall as of the tomb seemed to lie everywhere upon this room decked and furnished as a bridal. (para39) Homers skeleton had apparently once lain in the posture of an embrace. (para40) The second pillow which in the same bed was the indentation of a head. It is clearly that it was Emilys long strand of irongray hair. (para41) Homer had been missed for forty years, and Emily had been slept with his skeleton for forty years. A sepulchral atmosphere spreads the air. It is shocking and short terrified.But it is not Faulkner who originally adds the terror element in fiction it is the traditional style of gothic fiction. Faulkner not only uses this style in A Rose for Emily, but exaggerates several exposit such as murder, violence, etc. D. The flashback in A R ose for Emily expresses the mysterious atmosphere Last but not least, Faulkner deliberately sets a flashback form to tell the story. At the beginning, Emily is dead at her seventysix years old. The whole town went to her funeral for different purposes the men have a reverential affection for a fallen monument, the women curious to see her inner house.Who is Emily? What smorgasbord of person is she? Faulkner immediately catches readers interest to read on. She once was beautiful and slim, but her father drove all the men who pursue her. Only after her father died, she could date with a Northerner. Unfortunately, she could not marry with him, which hurt her so deeply that she had to keep herself far from the world from then on. However, the expiry is out of expectation. She was shrewd and unscrupulous. She secretly murdered her fiance by rat poison, and unploughed his body in her bed and slept with him for forty years. It is really tricky and surprising.The ending may be unreasona ble to some extent, but it really shows Faulkners creativity. He adopts the flashback to add much profound meaning to the short story, which is superior to the normal narrative way of the general fictions. Actually, many signs and symbols in the story indicate that the ending is like this. Emily is a cruel murderer, she kills her fiance. But it is prerequisite to clasp the essence through the appearance. In Emilys age, men had absolutely power to control women. It can be believed that it is Emilys father who indirectly destroys her whole life to some certain extent.She is forced to kill her fiance to pursue her happiness. As the critics remark that baddiehero in judicious gothic fiction is murderer as well as victim. (Pu Ruoqian, 2001 47) The villainhero is not the original crime. The real crime is the distorted humanity, which is make by the hierarchy rule and moral standard. III. Conclusion All the gothic elements in A Rose for Emily present a perfect gothic fiction. However, F aulkner is not completely imitate the gothic tradition, he uses a disposed(p) method to perform a story of his own age.He is raw of gothic style which is the main literary style in Victoria time, may be because he thinks the gothic style accords with the environment of decline of the south. Besides this, he fills with the realistic content and his own emotion to the gothic style. Gothic style once was regarded as Black Romanticism, but Faulkner combines it with realism. Furthermore, Faulkner pours the fierce emotion and fresh air into the old form, which makes A Rose for Emily superior to the gothic fiction and the literary main stream in Victoria time.The background of A Rose for Emily is in the age when Faulkner lived, which is a new form and different from the gothic tradition, and apparently helpful to express the realistic meaning of the work. From what has been discussed, we know the gothic style was not fashionable in Faulkners time. However, A Rose for Emily exposes the r eal psychology of the southerner, and accepts some irrational aspects of humans deep heart, which widens the extent of realism and the influence to human.From this, A Rose for Emily can stand out from any other American fiction forms of the time. Faulkner benefits a lot from the gothic tradition, which he improves and therefore is superior at the same time. References Jay Pariniet, The Norton Anthology of American Literary, (p2031). New York and London W. W. Norton & Company, 1989. ??? , ?????? , ?? ??????????? , 2002. ??? , ????? , , 2001/1. ??? , ?????????? , , 2001/3. ???? , , ?? ????????? , 2004. ??? , ? (P7482),?? ????????? ,2002. ??? , ????? ???????????? , , 2003/4.

Definition of Terms Essay

A pre-Socratic classic materialist philosopher. Democritus was a disciple of Leucippus and co-originator of the belief that all matter is made up of various imperishable, undividable elements which he cal lead atoma or indivisible units, from which we get the English countersignature atom. Mesopotamia A cradle of civilization geographically located in the midst of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, largely gibe to modern-day Iraq. Sumer in southern Mesopotamia is commonly regarded as the worlds earliest civilization.Cities in Mesopotamia later served as capitals of the Akkadian, Babylonian, Assyrian, Mitanni, Neo-Assyrian, Neo-Babylonian, Parthian, Sassanid and Abbasid empires. Idea A opinion or abstraction throwed and existing in the mind. Hu gentlemans gentleman faculty to contemplate ideas is associated with the ability of reasoning, self-reflection, and the ability to acquire and apply intellect. Further, ideas give hold water to actual concepts, or mind generalizations, which are the basis for any engaging of knowledge whether science or philosophy. HumbabaA monstrous giant of antique age raised by Utu, the Sun. Humbaba orHuwawa was also the guardian of the Cedar plant where the gods lived. Anubis The Greek name for the antique jackal-headed god of the dead in Egyptian mythology whose hieroglyphic version is more accurately spelled Anpu. He is also cognize as Sekhem Em Pet. Prayers to Anubis exhaust been found carved on the about ancient tombs in Egypt indeed, the Unas text (line 70) associates him with the Eye of Horus. He serves as both a guide of the recently departed and a guardian of the dead.Kumarbi Kumarbi microchip off the genitals of Anu and spat out three new gods. This is tie in in the Hittite myth Kingship in Heaven Alalu was all overthrown by Anu who was in turn overthrown by Kumarbi. When Anu tried to escape Kumarbi bites off his genitals. Anu tells his son that he is now pregnant with the Teshub, Tigris and Tasmisu. Upon h earing this Kumarbi spit the semen upon the ground and it became impregnated with cardinal children. Kumarbi becomes pregnant and is cut open to deliver Tesub. Together, Anu and Teshub depose Kumarbi TammuzTammuz was established in honor of the eponymous god Tammuz, who originated as a Sumerian shepherd-god, Dumuzid or Dumuzi, the consort of Inanna and, in his Akkadian form, the parallel consort of Ishtar. The Syrian Adonis ( master copy), who was drawn into the Greek pantheon, is another counterpart of Tammuz,son and consort. The Aramaic name Tammuz seems to have been derived from the Akkadian form Tammuzi, based on first Sumerian Damu-zid. Oligarchy A form of government where political personnel effectively rests with a small elect segment of society (whether distinguished by wealth, family or military machine powers).The word oligarchy is from the Greek words for few. Aton Aton was the focus of Akhenatens religion, but regard Aton as Akhenatens god is a simplification. Aton is the name given to flirt the solar disc. The term Aton was used to designate a disc, and since the sun was a disc, gradually became associated with solar deities. Aton expresses indirectly the life-giving force of light. Babylon A metropolis of ancient Mesopotamia, the ruins of which can be found in pre displace-day Al Hillah, Babil Province, Iraq, about 85 kilometers (55 mi) south of Baghdad.It was the holy metropolis of Babylonia from virtually 2300 BC, and the indue of the Neo-Babylonian Empire from 612 BC. The Hanging Gardens of Babylon was sensation of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. The Iliad The poem concerns events during the 10th and final year in the siege of the city of Ilion, or Troy, by the Greeks (See Trojan War). The word Iliad means pertaining to Ilion (in Latin, Ilium), the city proper, as contradictory to Troy (in Greek, ????? , Troia in Latin, Troia), the state focus oned around Ilium, over which Priam reigned.The label Ilium and Troy are often used interchangeably. Hyksos An Asiatic population who invaded the eastern Nile Delta, initiating the Second Intermediate Period of Ancient Egypt. They rose to power in the 17th century BC, (according to the traditional chronology) and ruled Lower and center field Egypt for 108 years, forming the Fifteenth and possibly the Sixteenth Dynasties of Egypt, (c. 16481540 BC). 1 This 108-year period follows the Turin Canon, which gives the six kings of the Hyksos 15th Dynasty a total reign length of 108 years. 2 EpimetheusEpimetheus (hindsight, literally hind-thought) was the brother of Prometheus (foresight, literally fore-thought), a pair of Titans who acted as representatives of mankind (Kerenyi 1951, p 207). They were the inseparable sons of Iapetus, who in other contexts was the father of Atlas. While Prometheus is characterized as ingenious and clever, Epimetheus is depicted as foolish. Attica A periphery (subdivision) in Greece, containing Athens, the capital of Greece. Attica is subdivided into the prefectures of Athens, Piraeus, East Attica and West Attica. EnkiA graven image in Sumerian mythology, later known as Ea in Babylonian mythology, originally chief god of the city of Eridu. He was the deity of crafts . The exact convey of his name is uncertain the common translation is churchman of the Earth the Sumerian en is translated as a title resembling to lord Nebuchadnezzar II A ruler of Babylon in the Chaldean Dynasty, who reigned c. 605 BC-562 BC. He is famous for his monumental building within his capital of Babylon, his role in the Book of Daniel, and his reflection of the Hanging Gardens of Babylon and known among Christians and Jews for his conquests of Judah and Jerusalem.Ionians One of the four master(prenominal) ancient Greek phyla or tribes, linked by their use of the ionic dialect of the Greek language whose settlements were located principally on the Islands between Greece and Anatoliabut whose peoples settled on both coasts as well (giv ing revoke to the eponymously named parting of Ionia), which migrations includes only the southern areas of the Greek mainland including Athens. Akhenaten Meaning Effective shade of Aten, jump known as Amenhotep IV (sometimes read as Amenophis IV and meaning Amun is Satisfied) before his first year, was a Pharaoh of the Eighteenth dynasty of Egypt.He is particularly noted for attempting to compel the Egyptian population in the monotheistic idolise of Aten, although there are doubts as to how successful he was at this. Inanna The goddess of recognise and war, if Inanna wasnt strapping on her battle sandals,she was seen swaggering around the streets of her legal residence town, dragging young men out of the taverns to have sex with her. contempt her association with mating and fertility of public and animals, Inanna was not a get under ones skin goddess, and is rarely associated with childbirth. Inanna was also associated with rain and storms and with the planet Venus..Boun dless It is symbolized by the timelessness sign which is like an inverted number 8. Ii manifests the eternal powers of a god-king which is limitless. Annunaki A group of Sumerian and Akkadian deities related to, and in some cases lapping with, the Annuna (the Fifty Great Gods) and the Igigi (minor gods). The name is variously written da-nuna, da-nuna-ke4-ne, or da-nun-na, meaning something to the effect of those of royal blood or princely offspring or heaven and earth (Anu-na-ki) The Annunaki appear in the Babylonian creation myth, Enuma Elish.Shamash nitty-gritty sun. Both in early and in late inscriptions Sha-mash is designated as the offspring of Nannar, i. e. of the moon-god, and since, in an enumeration of the pantheon, Sin generally takes precedence of Shamash, it is in relationship, presumably, to the moon-god that the sun-god appears as the dependent power. Academy An institution of higher learning, research, or honorary membership. The name traces back to Platos school o f philosophy, founded approximately 385 BC at Akademia, a sanctuary of Athena, the goddess of wisdom, north of Athens.Sparta A Dorian Greek military city-state, originally centered in Laconia. Sparta emphasized military training, and subsequently achieving notable victories over the Athenian and Persian Empires, regarded itself as the natural shielder of Greece. The Kings of Sparta were believed to be the direct descendants of Hercules. Hephaestus The Greek god whose papist equivalent was Vulcan he was the god of technology, blacksmiths, craftsmen, artisans, sculptors, metals and metallurgy, and fire.He was worshipped in all the manufacturing and industrial centers of Greece, especially Athens identified by Greek colonists in southern Italy with the volcano gods Adranus of Mount Etna and Vulcanus of the Lipara islands, and his forge moved here by the poets. Uruk An ancient city of Sumer and later Babylonia, set east of the present rump of the Euphrates, on the line of the anc ient Nil canal, in a region of marshes, some 30 km east of As-Samawah, Al-Muthanna, Iraq. Octavian The name Gaius Octavius. His father, of the same name, came from a respectable but undistinguished family of the equestrian order and had been governor of Macedonia. subsequently Octavius birth, his father gave him the cognomen of Thurinus, possibly to commemorate his victory at Thurii over a rebellious band of slaves. Dialectics A controversy, that is, the exchange of arguments and counter-arguments respectively advocating propositions (theses) and counter-propositions (antitheses). The force of the exercise might not simply be the refutation of one of the relevant points of view, but a synthesis or combination of the fence assertions. Gaea The Greek goddess personifying the Earth. Her roman print equivalent was Terra . derives from the Greek words Ge (??) = Earth (Pelasgian), and *aia = grandmother (PIE The Republic A Socratic dialogue by Plato, written approximately 360 BC. It i s an influential work of philosophy and political theory, and maybe Platos best known work. Minotaur A creature that was part man and part bull. Minotaur is Greek for Bull of Minos. It dwelt at the center of the Labyrinth, which was an elaborate maze-like construction built for King Minos of Crete and designed by the architect Daedalus and his son Icarus who were enjoin to build it to hold the Minotaur. The Minotaur was eventually killed by Theseus UtnapishtimIn the eleventh diggings of the Babylonian Epic of Gilgamesh, Utnapishtim the faraway is the wise king of the Sumerian city state of Shuruppak who, a gigantic with his unnamed wife, survived a great flood sent by Enlil to drown every living thing on Earth. Kadesh An ancient city of the Levant, located on the Orontes River, probably identical to the remains at Tell Nebi Mend,about 24 km southwest of Hims ,in what is now western Syria . Kadesh is first noted as one of two Canaanite cities (the other being Megiddo) that led a c oalition of city-states opposing the conquest of the Levant by Thutmose trineNeanderthals A species of the Homo genus (Homo neanderthalensis or Homo sapiens neanderthalensis) that inhabited europium and parts of western Asia. The first proto-Neanderthal traits appeared in Europe as early as 350,000 years ago. Stela A stone or woody slab, generally taller than it is wide, erected for funerary or commemorative purposes, about usually adorn with the names and titles of the deceased or livinginscribed, carved in easing (bas-relief, sunken-relief, high-relief, etc), or painted onto the slab. Pandora The first woman, Each god helped create by giving her unique gifts.Zeus ordered her creation as a punishment for mankind, in retaliation for Prometheus having stolen fire and then giving it to humans for their use. She is most famous for carrying a jar (pithos) (or box) containing all the worlds evils. She releases these evils, but closes the lid before Hope can escape. Knossos The larg est Bronze mount up archaeological site on Crete, probably the ceremonial and political center of the Minoan civilization and culture. The city of Knossos remained weighty through the Classical and Roman periods Pax RomanaThe latin term for the Roman peace (sometimes Pax Augusta), was the long period of relative peace and minimal expansion by military force experienced by the Roman Empire between 27 BC and 180 AD. Augustus Caesar led Rome into the moderation of Pax Romana, and his successors for the most part imitated his policy. This period ended with the death of Marcus Aurelius, which is considered the start of the decline of the Roman Empire. Xerxes A king of Persia (reigned 485465 BC) of the Achaemenid dynasty. Xerxes (?????? ) is the Greek form of the Old Persian lav name Xsayarsa, meaning Ruler of heroes.Xerxes was victorious during the initial battles. At the battle of Thermopylae, a small force of warriors, led by King Leonidas of Sparta, resisted the frequently larger Persian forces, but were ultimately defeated, after a Greek man called Ephialtes betrayed his country by telling the Persians of another pass around the Hot Gates Mountains to corner them. Thebes A city in Greece, situated to the north of the Cithaeron range, which divides Boeotia from Attica, and on the southern edge of the Boeotian plain. Thebes played an important role in the fabric of Greek myth, being the site of the stories of Cadmus, Oedipus, Dionysus.

Smokey Mountain Nightmare

Allysa Broeker Smokey Mountain incubus Gazing at the stars awayside the sun roof of my husbands silver gray sports car seemed to be the provided way to control the excitement edifice inside me. My imagination ran wildly thru visions of scenic mountains draped in clouds of fog. The grayish rocky cliffs surrounded by colorful spring flowers almost mate the beauty of the cool crystal water flowing over a fall like the most rapid of rain spraying a chilly mist on all who behold. With my head well(p) of phantasy and soul full of adventure, the possibility of this dream come true fitting a life changing nightm argon seemed all but impossible. Hey, we are in Tennessee, my husband said as he lightly agitate my shoulder until I acknowledged him with opening my grayish green eyes. skinny morning handsome, only a half an hour away from the holiday you devour always wanted us to take. Instantly the widest smile you could always imagine covered my face. I was so happy to be there rolling up an over these bright green hills into the mountains that harbor the cabin we would soon occupy. I love you so much. I cannot raze take to explain how much this means to me Adam.I said as we aside the sign displaying a two mile away conformation that was in truth needed do to the navigation becoming obsolete when we began winding thru the angiotensin-converting enzyme lane roads. Beautiful, I said as we pulled up to the cabin. Absolutely beautiful, even more so then I imagined, said Adam as the slightest drops of rain began to fall from one of the few clouds that floated above. I wonder what the go is forecasted to be this week. I asked as we walked hit in hand with my romantic husband into the two story cabin and on to making my dream come true.As the hardwood door closed behind us, a cooccurring crash of thunder followed. The sky began to darken as the subtle rains cursorily became rapid. There was no mention of any thunderstorm warnings, Adam let loose from the across the room. The furious rains pelting the metal cabin roof seemed to heighten with every second. The lights flickered twice then went out as the purple strobes from the lightning alter every room transforming beautiful red roses, various clay sculptures, and separate once delightful objects into terrifying creature like shadows.My heart pounded as the power of the storm intensified replacing my anticipation for it to blow over with only the realization of danger. Adam, we are surrounded by a brook right, I asked with a concern shaken voice. Using a local radio application I had just downloaded I heard, The internal Weather Service has issued a flash flood warning for the interest counties in east Tennessee. The first mentioned county confirmed my fears while removing all foretaste of salvaging this vacation, as well as, adding a very real danger to our life. We have to leave now there is a fast rising creek all around this place and I could never live with something possibility to you, screamed Adam The once crystal waters were now muddy and full of various types of debris and risen undeniably higher than the banks that once hold back the devastation unleashed when mother nature joins the team. Adam and I raced to the car, sloshing thru a arrive at that had no beginning and seemed to have no end. Drenched with rain and overwhelmed with confusion, I could only stare out the window as we drove to safety.The beautiful mountains and all that attributes to them were now a smeared collage of unrecognizable vegetation and retreating animals that comprehend the devastation that would soon follow. We have about a mile until we are completely out of danger, I think we can at least catch our breath, Adam said. Still staring out the window but only in a daze, I could not stop trembling. My dream vacation caused lots of fear and it is never mutation living a dream with nothing but beauty to behold, only to be awakened as nightmares unfold.

Chartism Essay

The working configuration in Britain was a family that made up the majority of the poplulation, scarce did not engender representtation in the British government. This lack of representation led them to have horrible working conditions, low recompense, and widespread poverty throughout the working classes. The people became frusterated and during the 1830s and 1840s a new movement, Chartism, came about to solve their problems. Chartism was an attempt to joining the economic plight of the working to a program of governmental reform. The technical analyst movement is a complex movement that is viewed as both subverter by the Physical Force technical analysts and the heart and soul illuminate, it is viewed as moderate by the lesson Force Chartists and the conventional Rulling physiquees.The Physical Force Chartists were a humbled group of working class individuals that were willing to do anything to get political rights. The political rights they cute were listed in the batchs Charterand called for general manhood suffrage, annual parliament elections, a secret ballot, no property requirements for parliament, equal representation, and payment for the members of parliament (Doc1). The somatogenetic personnel department chartists wanted these rights so bad that they would do anything, such as viloence to obtain them. Physical force chartists see other chartists that were not willing to work and implement the Peoples Charter no matter at what cost as lazy, and an impedement to the movement suceeding, going as far to say if these people in the city do not work e reallything else is useless (Doc4).This lack of boldness of the moral forces most likely did lead to their demise because if action and endorsement were not expressed, the movement would be and did, become recognized as a puny and unthreatening movement by the ruling classes. The ruling classes saw the movement as so unthreatening they released the Physical Force leader, Feargus OConner , the terror to tyrants from jail (Doc5). After being released from jail, Feargus OConner attended a meeting that called for a general strike that would cripple the British economy, merely lead them closer to political rights (Doc6).The year The Communist Manefesto was published, and the year of the cut Revolution, the Physical Force Chartists took inspiration to call for a working class rotation. They intentionally used the French Revolution because they believed it would create an essence of fear. They survive the article with Glory to the Proletariansand this statement directly calls for a European sprint working class revolution (Doc8). This revolution never succeeded, and was the fall of the Chartist movement.Moral Force Chartists were the more moderate working class individuals that wanted to use more mainstream trends to gain political rights. One mainstreamway of obtaining their rights were to pass the Peoples Charter through parliament or else of using force to gain the listed arguements. Another differentiating view of theirs was the definition of habitual Manhood Suffrage. They saw this right as having, a right to have a good coat to his back, a comfortable abode in which to shelter himself and his family, a good dinner upon his table, and as much wages for that work as would keep him in plenty(Doc2).So, their views were far more moderate and humble than that of the Physical Force Chartists, all they wanted was a fair share of life. The Moral Chartists saw physical force as a right to the Constitution, based upon Two Treatises of Government by earth-closet Locke, they considered the worst thing short of the right to vote is violence (Doc3). The Moral Force Chartists mimick the high-class, namely the middle class, of British society. They host tea parties sandpaper balls and this shows how moderate they are. The Moral Chartists caused the chartist movement to be considered unthreatening, and in timetually caused its demise.The Traditional Ruling class of Britain (landowners, the Prime Minister, and the monarchy) are basically uneffected by the chartist movement and because of this consider it unthreatening and very moderate. They were not afraid, even of the physical force chartist leader, Feargus OConner, who they released from jail (Doc5). The Chief of Police at the time even let massive Chartist meetings to occur, showing even more how they were not considered as a threat (Doc10). The Traditional affiliate saw the demands of the chartists as radical, but because they showed no indications of violence, saw their actions as very moderate. They even knew that any actions committed would not be by the masses, but rather the individual because of lack of communication and resolve(Doc10). So, overall the Traditional syllabus viewed the chartists as a movement based upon revolution, but acted upon in moderation.The philia Class viewed the Chartist movement as a threatening and highly radical movement. The Middle Class viewed the working classes as violent, upon the basis of the French Revolution. They saw the working classes as radical because they wanted to gain rights, that they had fought for, and near provided gained. The Middle Class was in panic, and expected a revolution because they believe that the chartists are determined to have their wishes granted (Doc9).The Middle Class would also consider the working classes as radical because of the people mingled in their movement, more specifically women (Doc7). Women had no rights and are at this time, in higher classes, nothing more than a wealth status. They are barely educated and stay at home, doing nothing because even the kids were taken caveat of by a nanny and the food was cooked by a cook. So, the Middle Class could not fathom why women should vote, and questioned their ability to vote. The Middle Class viewed the Working Class as a violent threat to themselves and to Englands stability.

An enjoyable experience

My enjoyable last is going to Alton towers with school, first of in all in all we came in on the busses and by simple machine in our own clothes thus first we went to assembly and then on to registration.We got on the busses to go on our way to Alton towers the journey took some 2 and a half hours to get there when we got there we all got given a ticket too get in the we all went dismissalning of I was with Lindsey and Ella first we ran to oblivion it looked very scary scarcely Mr Wynne persuaded me to go on it, oblivion is a wind up at Alton towers that you go up a slight hill for about a bit and then when we got to the top, we went round a slight bent in the hybridize and as soon as we got round the bend we thought we were just going to go and plummet but no we were hanging of the beach of the track for 3 seconds which felt like 10 minutes you fuck feel your heart pounding as you plummet 200 feet into a deep, dark underground hole.After that we found the ride air whic h on the ride you swoop, soar, dive and most people pretend to be daemon you feel like you dont weigh a single pound.Then we went on the ride nemesis this ride is weird, takes you over rivers of blood and rock, the force give leave you breathless as you do the loop de loop.Then on the run again to rita the queen of speed, you might want to hold onto your eyeballs as youre catapulted at tremendous speed when the traffic lights turn green, the train goes from 0 to100 miles per hour in 2.5 seconds. You will come off tingling with turbulence and your heart beating so fast.And off again on the run to ripsaw when you take your seat on the ride, no-one is safe from getting wet. The weewee rises and falls as you swing around in and out of the fountains and we got suddenly soaked.We also went on duel which is a haunted house and you deal to shoot ghosts and ghools with a fake plastic gun while you be on a run away train.The flume was the last ride we went on before we had to get on th e bus back to school, on the flume you should prepare to get wet, you climb into your bathtub which is like your boat, fly down drops and through waterfalls before finishing off in the author shower and you better watch out for the ducks.

The Tropical Rainforest

The tropic rain peeing plant is the biggest and or so complexed ecosystem in the world. It holds more than half of the worlds fleshlys and plantlife, Including a coarse majority that excitent til flat been discovered yet. The rain woodwind compargond to Britain is 30 times larger, application program around 8 million km. Some of the tone is destroyed everyday, including animal and plantlife. The forest from above is a vast green quilt of trees, heavy(a)(a) off several variant shades. From air you can see the emergents, which fuck off up to around 50m in height, these ar accompanied by the canopy, which argon 15m disgrace down. The under canopys are 10m in height and the lowest of any are the shrubs and bushes. The ground of the forest is dark and damp, smelling of decaying matter. Long creepers or lianas trail to the ground, entangling themselves in the branches.The forest canopy is described to as the engine of the rainforest. This is because, its where most of the photosynthesis takes place, and you will also be able to discover all of the forests fruits and animals.The fair rainfall of the forest is 2,000mm. All of this rain is called classic convectional rainfall, it falls on a regular basis every day at the same time (throughout the year). 80% of this rain is recycled back up into the atmosphere. The rest of the rain is collected in the rivers and streams which scarper back out to the sea.The dominions of the rainforest are of a poor quality, this is imputable to all the leaching that takes place. The soil is very thick, roughly 20m (60feet). This is because it has been weathered for a long time, with all the heat and wetness.The root in the trees are rear close to the come up of the ground, this is where all of the nutrients are found, from falling leaves. in that respect are two cycles in the tropic rainforest, a nutrient cycle, where the leaves fall and tote up the ground to be fed on by the decomposers, and a water system cycl e, where the rain falls, some of it collecting in the leaves and some of it making its mien down to the forests floor, and rivers, 80% of it is recycled.In this essay I will be writing rough the tropical rainforest. It will consist of 7 different parts including the introduction, the other parts are the location of the forest, the structure and conversion of the forest, forest processes, about bias and burn, other human use of the rainforest, opinions on the forest and the future.The location of the tropical rainforests is the following inside the tropics, 23.5 degrees north and southwesteast contendd equator. South the States, Africa and South East Asia. Most of it locating in south America. In Asia it is 0.7% a year, Africa it is 0.3% a year and in Latin America it is 0.5% a year.The tropical rainforest has an incredible amount of diversity about it.The forests cover around 6% of the earths land surface. What is diverse about this? well its diverse in laps of styluss, not only does it contain no less than half of all the worlds species of plants, animals and insects, but it also has had hundreds of them destroyed (extinct). Because of mans survival of the fittest to castrate down parts of the forest. The forest can be cognize as a treasure house of resources.The bird life of the forests is disbelievingly profuse, brilliant and melodious. The trees and the forest floor teem with animals that few people perplex ever seen or even heard of. Many hundreds of fish build been evolved in the forests rivers and streams. The most diverse of all the living things in the tropical rainforest though is the insects, there are many hundreds of thousands, and maybe even about this amount not even discovered.The diversity is also shown by the Indians of Amazonia, with their ability to use more than 1600 pharmaceutical plant extracts. This vast medical checkup potential has only been scratched.Each year 100,000-140,000 square kilometres of forest is destroyed. I n a few decades a quarter of the entire worlds store of biological species could vanish into oblivion. This deforestation brings local ruin, flooding, soil erosion and land infertility. military personnel-wide it threatens to castrate climates, to accelerate global warming. And large areas of former rainforest end up as tough, virtually inedible grass, of no use to man or beast-natures ecological revengeThe loss of new drugs could prove disastrous, because many of the drugs that digest not been discovered could well be cures to diseases such as malignant neoplastic disease and the common cold.The forest processes are the soil system, rainforest ecosystem and the water cycle.The soil system, where the forests trees shed their leaves and branches. There is a layer of decomposing litter on the surface of the ground. Which is followed by a thin layer of nutrient rich soil. This is where the trees roots take back up all the nutrients. If trees are removed, then the integral nutrient cycle is broken, and all of the existing nutrients are washed away, this is called leaching. departure the soil infertile.The next process is the rainforest ecosystem. This is when the precipitation (rain) falls onto the trees leaves, and the suns expertness also shines down onto the leaves, this causes evaporation in water vapour. Some of the water seeps through into ground water and surface run-off. The ecosystem is also when the nutrients are recycled, as stated in the soil system.The water cycle is when all the heavy rainstorms fall down on the forests layer of trees, and is evaporated or transpirated. A lot of this is recycled through the rivers, as they carry a lot of it back to the sea.The slash and burn process is a long one. It begins with human activities, as they come down down an area of the forest by hand. Some trees are go away stallinging to protect the soil and if they pretend fruit and crops growing on them, then they will be left field to.The wood is then bur nt, destroying the rude(a) seeds which reduces weeding. Ash from the burnt trees is then dug into the soil to provide fertiliser. clean crops are the planted (e.g. yams, manioc, cassava). There is less vegetation to cover the ground, which exposes the soil, causation leaching and erosion. The yields then get less each year, mainly later 2-3 years. The farmers move on to clear a plot somewhere else, and first base the whole process once more.The plot in which the farmers have demolished is now abandoned. And will soon start to re-grow again, but less luxuriant, with fewer and lower species. This is called secondary growth.The ecological balance is restored after about 20 years.There are mainly 4 different other ways in which humans use the forest. (1), there is clearcutting, in which an area of the forest is altogether cleared. Only valuable species are taken out and the rest are left and burned. This is a useful source of income. (2), Agroforestry, this is a farming proficienc y that imitates the canopy and layer structure of the natural forest by planting trees as well as shorter- lived farm crops.This idea is similar to that of the Indian forest gardens, but the area does not need to be abandoned for a fallow period. (3), this is biosphere reserve, this is a way of protecting part of the forest by leaving it untouched except for inquiry and the collection of materials for plant breeding etc. The protected core area is surrounded by a buffer zone in which only certain human activities are allowed. The activities permitted will cause itty-bitty damage to the ecosystem and will stop more demanding activities invading the area. (4), trees for annual crops and timber.The forest is cleared and replaced by stands of tree crops or quick-maturing timber trees. Once the trees grow, they again provide a protective canopy. Humans also use the forest for things such as mining, drugs and research for new drugs, fruits and other forms of food.Theres lots of opinion s on the rainforests. Not to exploit and populate an area, is a luxury that people in Brazil cannot afford. A question is, what is more important man or tree? This was taken from a former commander of the amazon region.An African farmer said, If you pay me, Ill happily keep the forest standing. Otherwise Ill cut it down to make a living. This is a very true remark, in which I have no arguments about. The farmer has to cut down forest, so he can continue living his life.The Observer and WWF (World Wildlife Federation) not World Wrestling Federation Wrote a section on the rainforest, which talks about how the forests are so good, yet humans are constantly at war with it.It says, Trees bind the soil to the ground, regulate the waters of life, and manage the climate. They stand at the heart of the worlds religions, and pervade our literature and culture.This is the good news, but the rotten news is, Yet we seem to be permanently at war with them. Barely a quarter of the worlds primaeva l forests still remain, and they are normally in remote places. Even these are now falling so fast that little of our natural heritage will be left for the next generation.In LEDCs such as Malaysia, where it has to use the forests resources. The only way to save the forests in the future is to help out the LEDCs and help them develop, then we will be saving the forest. 232,000 kilometres squared of tropical rainforest. The tropical rainforest in central areas and inaccessible areas, this is where urbanisation is destroying the forests.Conclusion I have discovered some fascinating facts and opinions on the tropical rainforests. I have discovered all about the rainfall, soils, humans use of the forests, the extreme diversity, where the rainforests are to be located, the whole slash and burn process, and what to do in the future.I can now understand why the rainforests are so brisk and important to us now and in the future, whether it is to do with drugs and cures, or the research of animals and other living creatures.My opinion is that everyone should try and do something to help in preserving the tropical rainforests. As it is for their own good, and something that has been created in the rainforests could help us in a big way in our futures e.g. a cure for a horrible disease.

Malthus and Boserup Population Theory

MALTHUS AND BOSERUP The world universe is the total number of living hu creations on the planet Earth. Recently the world has just hit oer 7 billion people. It is expected that if the worlds tribe continues to increase at the rate it is doing nowadays, and so we bequeath become overpopulated. Over macrocosm is where an organisms numbers exceed the carrying capacity of its habitat. There ar various views on this population crisis and throughout this essay I provide describe theses views. Thomas Malthus was a pessimist , his surmise is that the growth of human populations everlastingly tends to outstrip the productive capabilities of land resources.The result is that resources place a confinement on population growth and size and coercive checks (famine and disease) or load checks (limitation of family size) constitute to reduce population growth. Writing before the agricultural revolution, Malthus presumed that the productiveness of resources were permanent because agricult ural technology was largely fixed. From a Malthusian perspective, technology and environment (considered in terms of land resources) atomic number 18 therefore seen as independent variables that work together to determine the dependant variable of population, which he sees mainly in terms of population growth and size.According to him, human rules of order could never be perfected. He believed that man is a lazy animal, who would overhaul a satisfied life and procreate as long as his family was well fed. However, as soon as human population would emotional state constraints in diet supplying due to increase in population, he would again work hard to provide enough for his family. This might make it to an increase in agricultural takings to provide for all(prenominal), but at the same time man would be back to his complacent stage, where all his needs would be fulfilled. This would start the cycle of overpopulation and food shortage, all over again.Having been a clergy, Mal thus validated his hypothesis on moral grounds that hurt was a way of devising human beings realize the virtues of hard work and moral behavior. Such kind of suffering due to overpopulation and food supply was inevitable. Malthus theory had great influence on both Charles Darwin and Alfred Wallace, who ar the co-founders of the neo evolutionary theory. By the end of the 19th Century, when living standards improved and fork out rates dropped in the Western countries, concerns of overpopulation became irrelevant.However, in underdeveloped countries which aim farming(prenominal) economies, Malthus theory often finds credibility. On the other hand, Ester Boserup was an optimist. Her theory focuses on the relationships among three factors population, environment and technology. Her concept of population in contrast to Malthus, encompasses population density as well as population size and growth. Ester Boserup tell that an increase in population would stimulate technologists to i ncrease food production.As Boserup state any elevate in population would increase demand for food and this would act as an incentive to change agrarian technology and adduce more food. Therefore population growth go out inspire innovators who ordain solve the problem s the increasing population has caused therefore making it sustainable for a growing population. Even though they are cardinal opposing theories they do have some similarities. They are both found on closed communities which at a global scale is not true. They are similar by the way they both agree that an rise in population will increase demand for food.However they completely protest on what the consequences will be. As Malthus says change magnitude demand for food will eventually cause food production to decrease due to the virtue of diminishing returns. As Boserup has a completely opposing view that increased population would increase food production. We have to remember that Malthus wrote his essay in 179 8 before the agriculture revolution therefore he excluded technology from his theory therefore making it slightly inaccurate. As Boserup wrote her theory in 1968 and has seen the imprint technology shag have crop yield therefore the two theories contrast.Also Mathus and Boserup disagree on the outcomes of increased population as Malthus stated that population nookiet increase above the food supplies otherwise positive checks would occur. Malthus dialog about controlling a population by preventative checks and how the population must be kept below the crisis point otherwise these positive checks will occur. In contrast Boserup does the opposite and stated that famine and struggle will be prevented by human solutions. Therefore the two theories have different answers as to how to make a sustainable population which will survive in food resources.I personally agree with Malthus and believe that the force-out of population is much greater than the power of the earth to provide sub sistence for man although Boserup states that an increase in population would stimulate technologists to increase food production etc. There is only a limit of resources available that can be used and the use of new technology and manufacturing is a big contributor to the green house effect. Also we cannot rely on an increases in population to stimulate people to find new ways so that we can live sustainably.Some people may argue that positive checks are meant to happen. I dont believe in parts of this theory however if we can reduce the population to a sustainable level then these positive checks will not have to take place. We can reduce positive checks by encouraging people to have fewer children however this has been taken a bit too far in some areas, for example Chinas One Child Policy. Although this was a massive achievement in reducing the population, there are also problems that China is now faced with including gender imbalance (for every 6 males there are 5 females) and an ageing population.

The Antitrust Laws

The American government has engaged in the nurture of creating and enforcing legislation as the course of action for everyone to follow when dealing with labour party issues and the batforce. In my research I found several pieces of legislation much(prenominal) as the Sherman Antitrust Act, and the Federal concern delegation Act, the Clayton Act (Federal Trade Commission, n.d.), and per text the Wagner Act of 1935, and the Taft-Hartley Act (DeCenzo, 2016).Congress deliberateed these legislation as the ascertain element in how much control that management and/or summations would invite in protecting the rights of the tempters and the organizations.The US government has been tang direct in the emergence of acting as a intermediary among the great deals and unions with labor clashes. In the 1800s, thither wasnt many laws that would govern how unions would operate within the organization.So in the azoic stages of unions organizations thought that the unions were illegal an d that they would interfere with the progress of the organization.The Sherman Antitrust Act was the initial legislation implemented that shaped labor unions. This act was critical to the corporation because it prevented any restraint of commerce across state lines and the courts ruled that union beautys or boycotts would be covered by the law.There ar two additional act of the Sherman Act, they are the Federal Trade Commission Act the prohibit bias procedures concerning competition and misleading forms of practice, the Clayton Act focuses on certain issues such as mergers and joining boards members . A main strike between the Pullman Palace Car Company and the American Railway Union, where workers walked impinge on of the job, because wages was cut by as much as twoscore percent.At that time the organization was able to obtain an ruling that prevented both(prenominal) the walk-out and boycott. And because of this labor unions discovered that it would be harder to organize succe ssfully (Shmoop, 2018).The National confinement Relation Act of 1935, which is also known as the Wagner Act was endorsed to protect both employers, and employees, it is the main key for union rights.The Wagner Act distinctively put forward that employers should sight in excellent confidence on issues such as wages, hours, and employment environments. This gave unions control over bias labor habits. Therefore, the Wagner Act empower unions to be able to grow and advance, plus to establish unions permitting them to protect and bargain together, which means the workforce has the right to come as one to open their demands known even without a union (DeCenzo, 2016) (Shmoop, 2018).Because the Wagner Act sheltered the unions it led to the Taft-Hartley Act which is known as the Labor-Management Act (DeCenzo, 2016). This act covered the concerns of the employer in preventing bias practices of the unions. It prohibited closed stops by declaring them illegal and empowering the states to pass laws that would decrease mandatory union representation.It also, disallowed secondary boycotts by giving the electric chair authority whenever differences may influence national security. Both parties must bargain in good faith by coming to the table intending to fall into place an agreement. But if they dont reach one the Taft-Hartley developed the FMCS to help in the talks (DeCenzo, 2016).All of these laws are very important to the corporations and unions since theyre the source of the relationship that is among the workforce and the employer. While the NLRA has changed over time it is very important because it includes how both should work together byout the bargaining process. And how the Taft-Hartley manages the length of the relationship. But they safeguard that everyone should work collectively throughout the conditions of the association.As a result unionized workers through combined efforts of both the union and organizations cooperative bargaining have produced g o bad wages, benefits , safe environment, and health conditions for the workforce. They have also included better opportunities for the non-unionized workers (Walters, 2003).ReferencesDeCenzo, D. A. (2016).Fundamentals of homophile Resource Management, 12th Edition. Hoboken, NJ John Wiley and Sons Inc.Federal Trade Commission. (n.d.).Retrieved from The Antitrust Laws https//www.ftc.gov/tips-advice/competition-guidance/guide-antitrust-laws/antitrust-lawsShmoop. (2018).Retrieved from level of Labor Unions https//www.shmoop.com/history-labor-unions/law.htmlWalters, M. a. (2003, 8 26). Economic Policy Institute.Retrieved from How unions help all workers https//www.epi.org/ issue/briefingpapers_bp143/..

Nursing During Civil War Essay

The American Civil contend occurred between 1861 and 1865. When the war began, there was no organized aesculapian corps for either the Union Army or the Confederate Army. Up until then, nurse was still considered a loose term as far what a nurse is and does. There were no official nursing schools or sea captain trained nurses available. As newspapers wrote about the poor and unsanitary conditions that wounded solider were subjected to, hundreds of women volunteered to admirer provide assistance to the wound solders (Egenes).Make-shift hospital and clinics were created on the field of battle to attention for the wounded. As a result of having no organized medical corps in the army, conditions at most of the hospitals were poor. More soldiers during this time died of complications other than battlefield wounds such as dysentery, small pox, and pneumonia. (Son of the South). Hospitals were overcrowded and nurses lacked adequate quality of food and water, bonnie clothing, sanita tion equipment, and other medication supplies to properly provide care for the injured.Because of this, hospitals were teaching grounds for disease and death. During this time, army physicians did not favor female volunteer nurses, believing female nurses were inexperienced and disorganized. Several muliebrity help nobble the status of nurses during the Civil War and on. One woman that did just that was Dorothea Dix. Dix was a school teacher that was appointed as the Superintendent of Army nurse for the Union Army. Through her position she was able to help organized medical efforts, set standards for military nurses, and to lobby for medical supplies for the Union Army.Another woman that had an impact on nursing was Clara Burton, also known as backer of the Battlefield. After her father died, she began to collect supplies and provide care to the wounded at the front lines. As word around the army grew about her lenience and care, Burton began getting support for her cause and the nursing cause as a whole. After the war, she continued her efforts in nursing and eventually inaugurated a private road to gain recognition for the International Committee of the Red Cross by the United States government (Epler).